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Spinal cord disorders - Coggle Diagram
Spinal cord disorders
Spinal cord compression
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Clinical manifestations
Loss of voluntary motor function, resulting in weakness, paralysis and or paresis of affected limbs
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Nursing management
Use a pain assessment tool appropriate for age and developmental level to determine the pain intensity.
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Instruct the child to refrain from sneezing, coughing, or straining during defecation.
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Myasthenia gravis :
Is a disease of the neuromuscular junction, characterized by generalized and progressive muscular weakness
Pathophysiology
Antibodies are formed that attack and block acetylcholine receptors on the postsynaptic membrane of the neuromuscular junction, impairing normal neurotransmission and causing muscle weakness
Causes
The disease has an autoimmune cause, but the specific precipitating causes are not well known. Stress is thought to play a role in both triggering and exacerbating the disease
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Guillain- Barré syndrome
Polyradiculitis or acute autoimmune inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, is a clinical syndrome involving both the peripheral and cranial nerves
Pathophysiology
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The specific pathological mechanism is demyelination of the peripheral nerves, which is thought to have an immunological origin and is due to the action of antibodies, which cause disorganization of the myelin sheath and disrupt nerve conduction
Causes
Guillain-Barre syndrome may be triggered by: Most commonly, infection with campylobacter, a type of bacteria often found in undercooked poultry. Influenza virus
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Nursing management
Maintain respiration and oxygenation, including mechanical ventilation if required
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Trigeminal neuralgia
This condition is characterized by episodes of excruciating pain along the distribution of the fifth cranial ( trigeminal) nerve
Pathophysiology
Classic trigeminal neuralgia is associated with neurovascular compression in the trigeminal root entry zone, which can lead to demyelination and a dysregulation of voltage-gated sodium channel expression in the membrane. These alterations may be responsible for pain attacks in trigeminal neuralgia patients.
Causes
Trigeminal neuralgia usually occurs spontaneously, but is sometimes associated with facial trauma or dental procedures. The condition may be caused by a blood vessel pressing against the trigeminal nerve, also known as vascular compression.
Clinical manifestations
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Episodes of severe, shooting or jabbing pain that may feel like an electric shock
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