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Conditions of the middle ear (Acute otitis media) - Coggle Diagram
Conditions of the middle ear (Acute otitis media)
Definition
Acute otitis media is an infection and inflammation of the middle ear. The eustachian tube is usually inflamed and blocked, preventing fluid drainage from the middle ear. This can be come favourable for organisms to thrive.
Pathophysiology
Respiratory infections the infective organisms ascend along the eustachian tube into the middle ear.
Inflammation of eustachian tube become swallen and blocked, this results in the negative pressure in the middle ear.
The movable joins of the ossicles become immovable.
Transmission of sound waves is not possible.
Nursing diagnosis
Risk of infections
Acute pain related to inflammation
History of respiratory tract infection.
May present with a cold.
Purulent discharge is indicative of eardrum perforation.
Perforated may be seen through the otoscope as a red tense membrane.
Nursing care plan
Observe hearing regularly
Encourage enough sleep so that the pain will be reduced
Offer soft diet to prevent chewing that might agitate the pain
Administer antibiotics to reduce infection.
Apply ice to decrease swelling and pain
Elevate patient in a sitting position, put soft pillows behind the head to promote drainage
Instruct to use warm heating pads to promote vasodilation and reduce discomfort.
Sings and symptoms
Fever
Irritability
Severe earache
Feeling of fullness in the ear
Causes
Various types of bacteria like Streptococcus pneumoniae.
Heamophilus influenza
Respiratory tract infections
Allergic reaction
Ruptured eardrum
Diagnostic tests
Otoscope, observe for redness, swelling, blood and pus
Hearing test, to detect if there's any hearing loss
Reflectometry, make sound to detect if there is fluid in the ear
Tympanometry, detect if it's damage and measure air pressure in the ear.
Medications
Ear drops
Acetaminophen
Antibiotics
Management
Ear tubes: insertion of ear tubes inside the ear to allow for drainage of fluid and from the middle ear.
Aderoid removal: surgical removal of adenoids once they become enlarge or infected.