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Authoritarianism and totalitarianism - Coggle Diagram
Authoritarianism and totalitarianism
Authoritarianism and totalitarianism
factors that contributed to their rise
more nationalist feeling
power of the state increased in economy and society during the crisis of 1929
First World War had established habits of military organisation
soldiers found it difficult to adapt to civilian life after war
more parties that represented the working masses were formed
common characteristics
Politics
government was an authoritarian dictatorship
anti-democratic government
no political parties, trade unions or free elections
Citizens' rights were limited
no freedom of expression or to demonstrate
no right to meet and associate
no freedom of press
Foreign policy
expansionist foreign policy to gain new
territories
markets
raw materials
Economy
controlled by the state
Companies were nationalised
Public works programmes
less unemployment
less imports
to benefit national production
Society
most classes of society supported the regime
as they were controlled and informed by the state
The USSR: Stalinism
characteristics
economy
controlled by the state
five years plans
aim
the rapid industrialisation of the USSR
objectives
collectivisation of land
expropriation of property by force
obligation of the workers to cultivate the land collectively
In a Sovkhoz
land was owned by the state
workers were paid a wage
In a Kolkhoz
land was owned by the collective
workers received part of the harvest as a wage
crops
given to the state for export
nationalisation of existing industries
investment in creation of heavy industry
such as iron and steel
production of capital goods
such as machinery and weaponry
at the expense of consumer goods
such as textiles, footwear and electrical appliances
hydraulic works
increase production of electricity
social equality
differences
governing elite
high incomes
rest of the population
minimum wage
people went hungry because agricultural production was destined for export
guaranteeing
education
housing for all citizens
healthcare
political power
held by Stalin
control of the CPSU as secretary general and head of the government
approved the Constitution of 1936
granted citizens' rights
such as universal suffrage
CPSU was the only political party
imposed his dictatorship
tried to spread communism across Europe
Komintern
Italian fascism
post-war economic crisis
constitutional monarchy of Victor Emmanuel III was affected
continual social unrest
inflation
creation of the Fasci
volunteer militias
helped maintain order in the streets
Benito Mussolini
1919
created the first Fasci combat groups (Blackshirts)
ultranationalist ideology
opposed the socialist parties and trade unions
1921
National Fascist Party
October 1922
he led the March on Rome
forced the government to step down
the king asked Mussolini to form a government
mantained monarchy
Mussolini was known as Il Duce
formed a dictatorship
Measures of the dictatorship
Politics
1926
transferred all power to himself
leader of the only political party
head of the government
head of the army
Parliament was replaced by
Chamber of Fascists
foreign policy
expansion into Abyssinia and Ethiopia
Economy
autarky was set up
the government intervened on it
mines and the arms industry were nationalised
public works
Social policies
removed workers' rights
right to a union
right to strike
indoctrinated the population
through the education system
increased the birth rate
offering subsidies to large families
Nazi Germany
explanation of the totalitarianism
humiliation conditions imposed by the Treaty of Versailles
discontent among the population with the democratic government that had signed the peace treaty
hyperinflation and high unemployment
1921
Adolf Hitler
leader of the National Socialist German Workers' Party
used the SS to attack the opposition
1933
NSGWP won the elections
Hitler was named Chancellor
measures of his dictatorship
1934 was proclaimed head of state
establishment of the Third Reich
Nazi Party the only legal party
expansionist policy
to recover territories lost in the First World War
great economic development
Unemployment fell
public works
development of the arms industry
Hitler believes
German Aryan race was superior
extremely anti-Semitic
during the 1930s German Jews were persecuted by the regime
