Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
HEALTHCARE, Medical tourism, Mental health is just as important as…
HEALTHCARE
Singapore’s Healthcare system
SG medical achievements
ranked 6th in the World Health Organization's ranking of the world's health systems in the year 2000
Singapore ranks 7th in the World Index of Health Care Innovation with an overall score of 50.37 due to its high consumer choice, strong research universities, and top-notch digital health care
ranked 1st on the Global Food Security Index.
As of 2019, Singaporeans have one of the world's longest life expectancy levels at 84.8 years.
government efforts
legislation
mandate that cigarette boxes must show explicit and gruesome pictures of sufferers of throat/lung cancer
prohibit sale and use of tobacco and alcoholic products to people below 18
impose heavy taxes on tobacco and alcoholic products to make them expensive
ban smoking in many public places such as shopping malls, bus interchanges and coffee shops
compulsory smoking cessation sessions for under-age smokers who are caught
education/public awareness
good health practices to be inculcated from a young age
comprehensive school health promotion programmes can have significant impact in improving the health of the children
school canteen vendors prohibited from selling unhealthy food
give talks to increase awareness of key-health messages and skills among students and youths
public
Health Promotion Board created to run programmes and campaigns
free/subsidised health screenings to help in early detection of health diseases
Pioneer Generation Package (PGP)
Difference between public and private healthcare
Public healthcare
Cheaper and offers more subsidies
Private Healthcare
Some services offered in private Hospitals are not subsidised by govt schemes
Has a more exclusive clientele
attracts individuals in search of advanced and complicated treatments such as stem cell therapy or specialised cancer treatments
Shorter waiting times
More expensive for luxury benefits
paying for healthcare
MediSave
medical savings account under an individual's CPF account
medical subsidies
Community Health Assist Scheme (CHAS)
provides subsidies for Singapore Citizens from lower-to-middle income households, and the Pioneer generation
MediShield Life
helps to pay for hospital bills and selected outpatient treatments. The government provides premium subsidies to lower- to middle-income residents and the elderly
Integrated Shield Plan (IP)
includes both the MediShield Life component and an additional private insurance coverage component run by private insurers
cover for optional benefits in public hospitals and private hospitals
ElderShield
severe disability insurance scheme which insures against the cost of private nursing homes and related expenses
Medical Experts
MOH
Ministry of Health
Hospitals
Mount Elizabeth
GENERAL HOSPITALS
Eg SGH (Singapore General Hospital)
Ranked sixth in the world WHO
Functions
Provide a variety of functions and services
24-hour emergency centres
Doctors (Certified Medical Practitioners)
Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of surgery (MBBS)
Doctor of Medicine (MD)
Local Universities
To what extent has modern tech worsened people’s health today?
mental health
A 2017study in young adults aged 19–32 years found that people with higher social media use were more than three times as likely to feel socially isolated than those who did not use social media as often
Spending more than 3 hours on social media per day puts adolescents at a higher risk for mental health problems. 13% of kids ages 12-17 report depression and 32% report anxiety. 25% of 18 to 25-year-olds report mental illness. These age groups report high usage of social media.
physical health
Technologies, such as handheld tablets, smartphones, and computers, can hold a person’s attention for long periods. This may lead to eyestrain. Eyestrain may also lead to pains in other areas of the body, such as the head, neck, or shoulders.
Most everyday digital technologies are sedentary. More extended use of these technologies promotes a more sedentary lifestyle, which is known to have negative health effects, such as contributing to: obesity, premature death, cardiovascular disease
Better treatment and less suffering
euthanasia and tuberculosis
international organisations
World Health Organisation (WHO)
specialised agency of the United Nations responsible for international public health.
establishes the agency's governing structure and principles, states its main objective as the attainment by all peoples of the highest possible level of health
Doctors Without Borders/Médecins Sans Frontières
international humanitarian medical non-governmental organisation of French origin
best known for its projects in conflict zones and in countries affected by endemic diseases and even global pandemics.
actions are guided by medical ethics and the principles of impartiality, independence and neutrality
How effectively is public health promoted and managed in your society
4 types of healthcare
Beveidge model - UK, Spain, New Zealand
Low prices due to Low competition
Government is the sole payer
Healthcare funded through income taxes
-ve. : long waiting lists and overutilization of system
Bismark Model (Social Health insurance model)
Belgium, japan, Switzerland
Employers and employees fund health insurance
The employed have access to “sickness funds”
government tightly control prices and insurers doo not make a profit
National Health Insurance (Single - payer national health insurance)
Canada, Taiwan, South Korea
government acts a single payer
providers are private
Out of pocket model
LDCs like India, China, South American countries
LDCs with few resources
Do you agree that ethical considerations only get in the way of medical progress?
Bioethics - Ethical implications and applications of the health-related life sciences
Should governments provide free healthcare for all?
Free healthcare Vs. Universal Healthcare
Free Healthcare
means that all citizens receive healthcare at no cost or very minimal cost
Universal Healthcare
Healthcare system that provides coverage to at least 90% of its citizens
To what extent can countries effectively manage health crises
Medical tourism
initiatives
In October 2003, ‘SingaporeMedicine’ was launched to promote Singapore as a regional medical hub
More than 200,000 foreigners visited Singapore for medical services
to people traveling abroad to obtain medical treatment.
seek treatment unavailable at home
seek cheaper treatment
most often is for surgeries (cosmetic or otherwise) or similar treatments
Singapore has become a regional medical hub, where regional doctors and nurses work here to learn, and where international patients seek care and treatment
Mental health is just as important as physical health. Is this true of your society
One in seven people in Singapore have experienced mental disorders, an increase from roughly one in eight several years ago, with the top three being major depressive disorder, alcohol abuse and obsessive-compulsive disorder.
mental health increases the risk of physical health
problems
e.g depression increases the risk for many types of physical health problems, particularly long-lasting conditions like diabetes, heart disease, and stroke.
mental health can impact Singapore just as much as physical health if not more
economically: lower productivity
socially: increased suicide rates and negativity in singaporeans
According to research conducted by the Singapore Mental Health Study, 13.9 per cent of Singaporeans and permanent residents have experienced given anxiety, mood or alcohol abuse disorder in their lifetime.