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Modern Medicine 1900-present - Coggle Diagram
Modern Medicine 1900-present
Improvements and the discovery of DNA
discovery of DNA 1953
scientists james watson and francis crick discovered the structure of DNA 1953 and realised that disease were genetic
james watson also founded the human genome project in 1990 so scientists could identify every gene in the human DNA
since 1900, people discovered that some lifestyle choices were negatively affecting people's health like smoking and alcohol consumption
this would now allow scientists to understand genetic conditions, HOWEVER there was still no cures
improvements on diagnoses
doctors combined observations and medical texts with advanced medical testing, such as laboratories
doctors now used x-rays, scans and endoscopes to see inside the body and monitors to observe what happens over a period of time
Technological advances
x-rays
prosthetic limbs
endoscopes
MRI and CT scans
ultrasounds
pacemakers
insulin pumps
blood pressure monitors
blood sugar monitors
these all improved the quality of life for a persona nd the diagnosis process
Magic bullets
Advances in surgery
The NHS 1948
the national health service was established in 1948
the nhs provided healthcare that was entirely free so now everyone had access to the same level of medical treatment
the nhs allowed people too:
see a GP
hospital care and operations
health visitors for pregnant women and children
ambulances and emergency treatment
health care for the elderly
HOWEVER some healthcare was still hard to access like dental treatment due to a lack of NHS dentists
Prevention measures
the government had taken more action to prevent people from getting ill by:
better dispose of rubbish and sewer waste
laws that reduced air and water pollution
laws banning the advertisement of cigarettes and smoking in public places
laws improving health and safety at work
funding more testing and vaccinations
this was due to there being a diphtheria epidemic in 1938 before when you had to pay to be vaccinated
raising awareness of illnesses and discouraging certain lifestyle choices like smoking, binge drinking and unprotected sex
Fight against lung cancer
today in the uk it is the second most common type of cancer and has a poor survival rate as it is difficult to diagnosis and treatment as the symptoms are similar to other conditions
the majority of lung cancer cases are caused by smoking or passive smoking
diagnosis
symptoms of lung cancer include:
persistent cough
coughing up blood
breathlessness
repeated chest infections
patients are usually given a CT scan if they are suspected of having lung cancer and if a mass is shown, a sample of cells are collected
treatments
surgery to remove the tumour or carry out a lung transplant
radiotherapy
chemotherapy
prevention
tv advertising for cigarettes was banned in 1965 and all form of advertising were then banned
tax on tobacco products was raised to make smoking more expensive
in 2007, england banned smoking in public places and then in 2015 in cars carrying under 18s
in 2007 the legal age to buy tobacco was raised from 16 to 18
today, all tobacco products are sol d with warning labels on and cannot be displayed in shops
Penicillin
timeline
1928 - alexander flemming recognises the that penicillin mould kills bacteria
1929 - he publishes his findings HOWEVER he didn't continue his work because he didn't think it could be developed into an effective human treatment.
1939 - howatd florey and ernest chain continue his re-search
1942 - mass production of penicillin begins as the US enters WW1, the production is financed by the US government
this was because infections cost lives and they couldn't afford this in WW1 so it was needed to treat casualties on the front line
1943 - mass production begins in the uk
1945 - penicillin's chemical structure is identifies by crowfoot hodgkin
1951 - the first chemical copy of penicillin was produced
1941 - US drug companies agree to help fund the production of penicillin after it proved effective on humans