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ALL ABOUT THE USA
CHAPTER 5: Famous Places
The Grand Canyon
It is one of the Seven Natural Wonders of the World.
It is located in Arizona. It do 445 km long and 29 km wide. The Colorado River cut 1,5 km of rock
You can see beautiful shapes and colours. It became a national park in 1919.
Niagara Falls
It is between the USA and Canada. It is three waterfalls. Together they are the second biggest waterfall in the World.
In it falls 2838000 l/s of water and 13 million people visit it every year.
Redwood Forests
It has the some of the biggest redwood and sequoia trees. Most of the trees are 2000 years old. This tipes of trees absorb huge amounts of carbon dioxide.
The readwood trees are the tallest trees in the world. The tallest readwood is 115,5 m high. The biggest tree by volume is in California
Death Valley
It's part of the Mojave Desert in California. This desert is the hottest place in the USA with 56,7ºC, and the lowest place of the North America with 86 m below the sea level.
The colour of the rocks are reds, blues and greens because of the minerals, Death Valley is so beautiful.
CHAPTER 7: Famous Americans
The Weight Brothers: Wilbur (1867-1912) Orville (1871-1948)
When the father of this tow boys gave to they a toy helicopter, they love it and this inspired them to construct and fly their own models.
In their free time, the began to test their designs. One day, they took a plane to Kitty Hawk. It rose into the air, it flew 36,5m. That day, the Age of Flight began.
John F. Kennedy (JFK) (1917-1963)
He was one of the youngest presidents of the USA.
He and his wife went to Texas. There, some one fired the president and he died later. The people couldn't believe that horrible success.
A lot of people watched his wife and his two childrens went to the his funeral.
Martin Luther King - A Man with a Dream
He was the most important civil right leaders in the USA. He was a pastor in Montgomery. At that time, there was discrimination against black people.
A lot of people tried to finished the discrimination and give equal rights to all people. King became famous for non-violent protest.
On 1963, he did a famous speech on the Lincoln Memorial. He said "I have a dream... Live in a nation where we will not be judged for our colour skin". After that, he receive the Nobel Peace Prize.
In 1968, James, a criminal, assassinated Martin. After that, the first Monday of January became Martin Luther King Day.
CHAPTER 4: Symbols of the USA
The Statue of Liberty
It was a present of France to the USA to show their friendship. The USA paid for the pedestal and France paid for the statue.
It was disegned in France to commemorate the centennial of the USA declaration of Independence.
When the statue was ready, the french divided the statue into 350 pices. The pices arrived to New York and they built the statue on the pedestal
When the immigrans arrived to the USA, the first thing they saw was the Statue of Liberty, it meant the start of a new life, the freedom and the democracy.
It is so pretty and big. The green colour is from the copper colour in the air. The torch has a thin cover of gold.
The American Flag
In 1777, the government showed a flag with 13 strips and 13 stars to represent the 13 coloniesof the USA. But more states joined to the Union, so they changed the flag many times because they added a star and a stripe for each state.
Then, they decided to have a flag with 13 stripesto the 13 original states and a star for each state in the Union. Now, it has13 stripes and 50 stars.
The American Eagle - Emblem of Freedom
In 1782, the blad eagle was selected as the official emblem of the USA, because it symbolised beauty, strength and long life
In the seal of the USA, the eagle appears with an olive branch to show the peace and with arrows to show they are always ready to fight
In the War of the Independence, the noise of the battle, woke up some eagles. When they saw the fighting men, the eagles screeching loudly. The men shouted, "the eagle are calling for freedom".
So the bird became a symbol of freedom and power for the USA.
CHAPTER 8: Famous American Writers
MarkTwain (1834-1910)
He was in Florida. Then his family moved to Hannibal. He grow near the river Mississippi River. As an adult, he explored many characters on the river
He express the American spirit in his books, "The Adventures of Tom Sawyer" and "The Adventures of Hucklebeery". His books are popular today.
Harper Lee (1926-)
She was born in Moneoeville. She only one book, "To Kill a Mockingbird", based on the racism in the 1930s. The book was the best seller an she received a Prize.
Then, Universal Pictures made a film of it. It won a lot of prizes. The readers voted it for "The Best Novel of the Century". Today, it stay on the "best-sellers" list.
Stephen King (1947-)
He is very famous because of his horror stories. He was born in Portland. He began writing with 7 years. His first book was "Carrie" and it was very popular. King stopped doing his others jobs to be a writer. A lot of his stories are now films.
CHAPTER 9: Sports in the USA
Basketball
James Naismith, a sports teacher, invented basketball in 1891. It was immediately popular, because students played it inside in the cold days. First, they throw a ball inside a fruit basket. Then, they did a hold in the bottom of the basket. Now, we use a ring with a net.
Today, the NBA is one of the top professional basketball leagues.
Baseball
It is the natiional sport of the USA. It is a ball and bat game played by two teams on an area with four bases. The teams take turns batting. This team has to hit the ball an then run around all four bases.
American Football
The first american football was very violent. It was a football game with the English rugby rules. Then, Walter, helped write the rules to develop the game. Now, the game is safer and the players wear protections.
The Super Bowl is the championship game of the National Football League. It is soo popular.
CHAPTER 10: American Space Travel
In 1958, the USA Government fromed the NASA. The first people to fly into space, in 1961, was Yuri, a Russian. His flight took 108 minutes. In 1962, John, an American, orbit the Earth.
Then, NASA sent Neil Armstrong to the moon in the Apollo11. On 20th July, 1969, all the world were watching as Neil Armstrong became the first man to walk on the moon saying his famous words.
NASA explored other planets in the solar system. In 1976, a spacecraft, Viking 1 landed Mars.1996, a robot sent 16500 pictures of Mars. In the 1980s, the USA started to develop a space shuttle. Two space shuttle explored but all the astronauts inside them died. Now, most projects today are international because they are very expensive.
CHAPTER 11: Myths and Legends
Bigfoot
This myth is about a tall, haity ape-like creatures living in the forests and mountains in the USA.
In 1958, a man found an enormous footprint and he published a picture of it. Then two men filmed a "Bigfoot". Then, more people started seeing "Bigeoots", but they are hoaxes.
Johnny Appleseed
He walkes thousands of Kilometres to plant apple trees. His real name was John Chaoman and he was born in Massachusetts in 1774.
He dreamed with a land of apple trees, so they go to Illinois to created an apple orchards.
He had a tipical live of countryside. He planted trees across the country.
Blackdeard's head
Edward Teach was a pirate in the 18th. He was called also "Blackbeard". He terrorised ships along the east coast of the USA. He stole money and jewellery. Sometimes, he killed people. The British soldiers killed Blackbeard in a violent battle. Then, the lider, cut off pirate's head and throw it in the sea.
Now, the head of Teach shouted, "Come on, Edward" and his body starts swimming around his old ship. Someone see his ghost.
CHAPTER 12: The Usa Today
Hollywood
Million of people watch the Academy Awards on the TV. The red carpet, the Oscar winners..., they love it. Hollywood is the center of the "entertainment world".
When the people visit Hollywood, they want to see the most famous places, like Hollywood Boulevard or the Walk of Fame. They visit too the movies sets.
Hi-Tech
Bill Gar'tes and Paul Allen started Microsoft. It is the world's largest software and one of the most valuable companies. Bill developed Windows. Steve Jobs started Apple and gab¡ve us iPhones, iPods and iPads.
Google. in California, changed the the way we search for information. Now the people use google to do everything.
Now, people can contact with long-lost friends and family members with Facebook, Twiter...
Food
The most famous food chains in the USA are McDonald's, KFC and Pizza Hut. The American enjoy eating fast food. It's delitious, filling and cheap, but it's not very healthy because that food have fat anf salt. American eat a lot fast food, so many of they are obese. This is a problem. Now, many fast-food restaurants are now selling healthy meals.
CHAPTER 3: The Capital of the USA
The City
Old Capital
The old capital was Philadelphia but it isn't was the center of the USA
New Capital
In 1791, George Washington made a city. It became Washington. The government moved there in 1800 and the people started living there. Now, Washington D.C. is the capital
The White House
Hoban built it in 1792 to 1800. The presidents who lived there made achanges, but in 1902, Roosevelt made the West Wing.
It has132 rooms and 35 bathrooms. It is 21m hihg and 51m wide.
The Oval Office is the most famous room. There are more importants room where the president stay with important people.
There lived the president family, so they have rooms to play and do funny things.
CHAPTER 2: Expansion and the Civil War
The USA Expansion and the Civil War
When the emperador of France, Napoleon sell the french lands to the USA. By 1848, the country extended from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean.
The Natives American started moving because the colonists forced they. The Natives had to go from Georgia to the area now called Oklahoma.
A lot of Cherokee people died on the way called "Trail of Tears".
The American Civil War
1860: The north people wanted to finish with the slaves of the south, but they wanted to keep it and they wanted to have their own nation, but Lincoln, the president, wanted to continue with one country.
1861: The south had their own nation, Confederacy. Their soldiers attacked the USA, so their were at war.
1864: There were thousands of dead persons, but the Confederates were losing. The war coudn't continue for long.
1865: The Confederate army surrendered to the USA army. The war finished and the slaves was free.
CHAPTER 6: American Holidays and Traditions
Thanksgiving
The pilifrins invited the Native American to a big meal to celebrate the successful harvest in 1621.
Lincoln made it a national holiday in 1863.
Now, the people spend Thanksgiving with their families with a special meal. They look to the parade in New York. It has giant ballons!
Independence Day
It is celebrated the 4th of July because the new nation published the Declaration of Independence on this day.
They hang the American flag out side their houses. Most people don't work this day. They celebrate barbecues and picnics, where they eat unhealthy food.
When it's dark, there are concerts and firework to finish the day.
CHAPTER 1: Early History of America
The Voyage to the New World and the Independence
In 1620, 102 pilgrims sailed 65 days with the Mayflower searching "the New World"
The english pilgrims sailed to America because they wanted the freedom. On 9th November, 1620 they saw land.
When they landed, some of they went to explore. The first winter died a lof of they. Few months they met a Native American who helped they to survive with new types of food.
Then a lot of people came to the New World. There, there were 13 British colonies, but also there were colonies of Spain and France.
When the Brithish army conquered some of the French lands, the British government asked for taxes, but the colonies refused it. So later, after fought with UK, the colonies won the battle and the independence. They called their new nation the USA
