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Kidney Stones - Coggle Diagram
Kidney Stones
Medications
Calcium Stones
Potassium citrate
Raises citrate & pH levels
Diuretics
Rids water from body
Uric Acid Stones
Allopurinol
Treats high level of uric acid
Struvite Stones
Antibiotics
Acetohydroxamine
Cystine Stones
Mercaptopropinoyl glycine
Interventions
Small Kidney Stones
Increase fluids
Pass stone through urethra
Large Kidney Stones
Shock wave Lithotripsy
Breaking stone into smaller pieces
Cystoscopy/Ureteroscopy
Percutaneous nephrolithotomy
Pain Managment
Opioid analgesics
NSAIDs
IV fluids
Assessment Findings
Severe pain
Irritation/blockage
Stomach pain
Blood in urine
Cloudy/foul smelling
Pyrexia/Chills
Patient Education
Causes:
Low water intake
Exercising too much/too little
Eating foods with too much salt/sugar
Obesity
Prevention:
Staying hydrated
Water
Lemonade & Orange Juice
Both contain citrate
Prevent stones from forming
Eat calcium rich foods
Eating less sodium
Eating less Oxalate rich foods
Animal protein
Pathophysiology
Types of Stones
Calcium Oxalate
Inadequate Calcium & Fluid intake
Uric Acid
High purine intake
Meats & shellfish
Struvite
Infections of the upper urinary tract
Cystine
Hereditary