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Government-led climate change mitigation - Coggle Diagram
Government-led climate change mitigation
Reduce energy use
education campaigns on ways to reduce energy consumption; this is discussed in Civil society and corporate strategies
install charging stations so that people can make the choice to switch to electric cars
increase the use of renewable energy sources in electricity generation, making electric cars even more effective
introduce legislation for emission-control technologies on vehicles to reduce the level of GHG emissions, for example catalytic convertors.
economic incentives
creating incentive schemes to encourage people to practice shared car use (car pooling).
subsidising public transport
awarding subsidies or tax credits to promote renewable sources of energy for industry and domestic users
charging companies that emit pollution, which encourages a reduction in emission levels; for example, a GHG tax, in which tax is charged according to the amount of GHGs produced
using carbon emissions cap-and-trade schemes and carbon offsetting.
using subsidies to encourage new technologies and support research into more efficient methods, reducing GHG emissions from the combustion of fossil fuels
using road tolls and parking charges to discourage the use of cars
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XoHS0rGVeF4&feature=youtu.be
Government-led responses
Governmental responses to climate change vary significantly due to many factors, including the political stance towards climate change which can change abruptly following changes in government leadership. For example, in the United States, policies regarding climate change included signing up for the Paris Climate Agreement in 2015 and a 2013 presidential executive order which required federal agencies to prepare for climate change was reversed by the incoming administration early in 2017
debt for environment swaps - say that you do not have to pay debt back but you have to preserve your forests.
Replace fossil fuels
Solar power
uses thermal panels to heat water for buildings or photovoltaic panels to convert sunlight into electrical energy.
Hydropower
is currently the most used renewable source of energy. The energy obtained from the movement of water has historically been used to drive a variety of machinery from grinding flour to sawing wood. Hydroelectric power (HEP) is produced when flowing water drives turbines connected to a generator that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.
Geothermal
energy uses heat from the interior of the Earth and is used to heat buildings and generate electricity. Enhanced geothermal systems are created whereby holes are drilled into heated areas called ‘hot dry rock’. Pressurised water is passed through and collected as steam, which is used to drive turbines that generate electricity.
Windpower
: windmills have been used historically to pump water or drive mechanical machinery, for example for grinding grain to produce flour. Wind turbines that produce electricity are called aero-generators and usually have fewer blades than the traditional windmill meaning that they require stronger winds to get started. In northern hemisphere countries such as the UK, higher energy demand in the winter months is matched by more windy days and higher wind speeds.
Reduce emissions from agriculture
Using less fertiliser can reduce nitrous oxide emissions. Fertilisers should only be applied when required and preferably when there is maximum uptake.
Adding nitrification inhibitors to fertiliser to reduce nitrous oxide production.
Reducing methane generation from livestock by:
selective breeding to have cattle that produce less methane
changing the feedstock.
Collecting and utilising methane emissions from biodegradation of animal waste as a source of energy.
Cultivating rice varieties that can be grown in drier conditions with higher yields to reduce methane emissions.
Reducing emissions from transport
set emission standards for industry, power generation and vehicles
planning regulations can promote alternatives to private car use, for example incorporation of cycle paths.
What is the role of the government in mitigating climate change?
Government research and development programs, such as the Advanced Research Project Agency-Energy, can drive progress in clean energy technologies and bring them to commercial use. Voluntary programs, like the Natural Gas STAR program, work with businesses to reduce emissions, often with public recognition.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dSrUNM2d2ao
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gDcGz1iVm6U
Turn up to climate responses and agree to targets
set up cap and trade schemes - governments that set these things up to set up mechanics so that the free market can discourage continual use of carbon