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Linear kinetics & Newton´s Laws - Coggle Diagram
Linear kinetics & Newton´s Laws
Linear momentum and linear impulse
Linear impulse is force multiplied by the time it acts for (J = Ft) and is also a vector.
There is a very important relationship between linear impulse and linear momentum. Linear impulse is the change in linear momentum. This means that the size and direction of the change in momentum of a body or object depends on the force applied to it and the time for which that force acts.
Linear momentum is the property an object has due to its movement. It is calculated by the mass of the object multiplied by the velocity at which it is moving (mv). It is usually given the symbol p, and is a vector with size and direction
Instantaneous and average kinematics
The velocity or acceleration calculated over a long time is usually called average velocity or acceleration.
The change in displacement is simply divided by the time taken to get the velocity, and the change in velocity is divided by the time taken to get the acceleration.
As velocities and accelerations (linear and angular) involve division by time, the values obtained will depend on the duration over which the measurement is made. The time may be long (for example, over a whole race), or very short (fractions of a second)
Newton’s laws of motion
Newton’s frst law of motion
Newton’s frst law of motion can be stated as: “An object will remain at rest or continue with constant velocity unless acted on by an unbalanced force.” This means that bodies or objects stay where they are or keep moving unless acted on by an unbalanced force.
Newton’s second law of motion
Newton’s second law of motion relates the change in motion (acceleration) to the force causing that change. It can be stated as: “The acceleration (for a body/ object of constant mass) is proportional to, and in the same direction as, the unbalanced force applied to it.” This law is sometimes known as the law of acceleration.
Newton’s third law of motion
The third law of motion explains the forces between two objects. It can be stated as: “When one body or object applies a force to another, the second body or object will apply a force equal in size but opposite in direction to the frst body or object.” This law is often called the law of reaction. This law is sometimes phrased as “for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.”
Kinetics
Linear kinetics
Gravity
Galileo, Kepler and Halley, he realized that there is an attractive force between objects which is related to their masses (the amount of material in them) and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. This force causes the elliptical orbits of the planets around the sun, but also is the reason for the attraction between the earth and all bodies and objects near to it or on its surface.
Force
Force is simply the mechanical interaction that goes on between two objects or bodies. It may involve contact (such as friction) or it may act at a distance (such as gravity).
Mass and weight
Mass is the amount of material in a body or object. It is usually measured in kilograms, but is not its weight. Weight is the efect of the force of gravity on mass. This means that on the moon, the mass of an object is the same as on the earth, but its weight is less