AP Test Prep
cells
cellular functions of the 4 macromolecules
nucleic acids
carbohydrates
store and transfer info
store and provide energy, build structure
lipids
insulator, store fat and energy
proteins
structural support, transport, enzymes, movement, defense
protein structure levels
primary
amino acid chain
secondary
alpha helix
beta pleats
tertiary
command versions of primary and secondary shapes
quaternary
final shape, full strucuture
not all proteins have quaternary level, they can be fully formed at tertiary
organelles
structure & function
plant
cell wall
chloroplast
animal
microvilli
plasma/cell membrane
flagellum (in some)
cell response
nucleus
turns on genes
cytoplasm
activates enzymes
cyclin
any of a number of proteins associated with the cycle of cell division which are thought to initiate certain processes of mitosis
related kinases
protein kinases that need a separate subunit - a cyclin - that provides domains essential for enzymatic activity.