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THE INTER-WAR YEARS, image, image, image, image, image, image, image,…
THE INTER-WAR YEARS
The evolution of democracy
At the end of the First World War democracy continued to be the most common form of government
EUROPEAN DEMOCRACIES
The democratic systems in France and Great Britain went through an instability
Great Britain
Adopted measures to reduce the high rate of unemployment
Introduced improved medical services and subsidised housing
This didn't stop workers from striking for higher wages
1922
The Liberal Party was displaced by the Conservative and Labour parties
It became the main political parties in Britain
France
Post-war economic problems provoked
Protests and tension between
left-wing parties
conservative parties
Many strikes
Germany
The Weimar Republic
It was a constitutional democracy that was established after the fall of the Second Reich
The post-war economic problems they faced and the economic crisis of 1929
Favoured the rise of extremist and nationalist parties
DEMOCRACY IN THE UNITED STATES
1920s and 1930s
Democracy in the United States differed from the European systems in various ways
bipartisanship
A two-party political system
The Democratic Party was a left-wing party that also defended capitalism
They supported
Government intervention in the economy
The existence of trade unions
They represented the interests of the middle and working classes
The Republican Party was a right-wing, conservative party that defended capitalism and a free market economy
They opposed
Government intervention in the economy
The trade unions because they limited the freedom of business owners
The Republicans generally represented the interests of wealthy business owners
After the First World War, the Republicans were in government
They established
A conservative policy which limited the power of the trade unions
They had
An isolationist foreign policy
rejecting military alliances
Or foreign influence
They encourage
patriotism
Supporting a white Anglo-Saxon protestant America
the Republicans failed to provide solutions to the problems of the economic crisis of 1929
In 1932
Franklin Roosevelt won the presidential elections
The Democrats returned to power
In 1933
President Roosevelt established the New Deal
The economy in the inter-war years
The economies of European countries and of the United States went through various phases
Post-war crisis
1918 and 1923
Europe experienced a significant economic crisis characterised by
High levels of debt
Loans from the United States intended to pay for the costs of war
A shortage of products
because of...
The destruction of areas of agricultural land
Factories and transport systems
consequence
Increase in prices
The most affected country was Germany
Suffered pay war reparations
SOLUTION
German government circulated large quantities of bank notes
This meant that German people needed a lot of money to buy essential things
Hyperinflation
1923
France realised that it would not receive the reparations it needed from Germany to help rebuild its economy
Because of this, they decided to occupy the richest and most industrialised area of Germany
This made the economic crisis in Germany worse
The suffragist movement
Women who protest against the inequality between men and women
They fight for women's right to participate in
political
economic life
ACHIEVE
They achieved this after the post-war period in some countries
Recovery in the 1920s
The United States and Japan were the first countries to recover from the crisis
This enabled the United States to help European countries come out of the economic crisis
1924
The United States applied the Dawes Plan in Germany
This where economic measures which involved
loans
American investment in German industry
It was done with the aim of increasing the value of the German mark
1925
Germany's economy began to recover
They were able to pay back their loans
Mid-1920
The world economy began to recover and grew steadily
This was known as roaring twenties
life started to be focused on enjoyment
There were new forms of entertainment such as
Cabarets
Music-halls
Ballrooms
radio shows
cinema
Famous Hollywood film stars emerged such as
Greta Garbo
Charlie Chaplin
Rudolph Valentino
The Wall Street Crash of 1929
It was the beginning of a major economic crisis
CAUSES
Industrial overproduction
American industry had increased production in order to supply Europe
After war
European countries bought less from the United States
American industry did not reduce levels of production
The result
The number of products available was greater than the number of products that were sold
CONSEQUENCES
The unsold products accumulated in warehouses
Companies lost money and some of them had to close
Unemployment rose
Agricultural overproduction
the American agricultural system had increased its production
After war
European countries began to produce their own agricultural products again
The level of American agricultural production was maintained
The result
There was a surplus of production which caused prices to fall
Speculation on the stock market and excessive bank credit
Companies and individuals bought shares in companies on the Wall Street stock market
Because they offered guaranteed profits
The Great Depression of the 1930s
It began with the Wall Street Crash of 1929 and continued for a decade
It led to...
A fall in prices
And put an end to the prosperity of the roaring twenties
The crisis spread to Europe
consequences
Companies closed
Fall in sales and a lack of credit
banks collapsed because of a lack of liquidity
Wages fell
unemployment increased
The world economy was affected
The United States reduced imports
Other countries adopted protectionist measures
A decrease in the standard of living
