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DISORDERS OF THE NOSE - Coggle Diagram
DISORDERS OF THE NOSE
Rhinitis
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Clinical manifestations
- nasal discharge
-nasal congestion
- nasal discharge is watery at first and become mucoid later
-eyelids oedema
-persistent headache
Pressure in the nose
Nursing management
-recommend rest
-give nasal drops or sprays as prescribed
-2-3 litres of fluids daily
- frequently hand wash to avoid further infection
-clean the nose before nose drops and spray
Phathophysiology
Secondary invasion of bacteria complicate the cold which can cause pneumonia as well as otitis media. Rhinitis usually occurs as a seasonal disorder. Nasal discharge is serous, mucopurulent or purulent with bacterial infection,the breath may be halitosis
Causes
-virus or bacteria
-droplets when sneezing
- certain food types
- chemicals
-allergens like house dust
Sinusitis
Definition
Infection of the paranasal sinusis , it can be chronic or acute
Phathophysiology
Develops as a result of upper respiratory tract infection. Mucus produced by the sinuses is removed through small openings in the nose called ostia . The mucus then accumulate in the sinus causing congestion and with time becomes infected. Blocking of ostia and impair ciliary action.
Clinical manifestations
-Oedema in the inflammation and increased secretion of mucus
-fever
- chills
- persistent headache
-facial pains when bending
-pain and numbness of the teeth
-nasal discharge
Nursing Management
-warm compressor in the sinus area
-avoid blowing nose
-encourage good oral hygiene
-avoid spicy food
-nasal corticosteroids
- always be in well vantilated area
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