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Edward VI and Mary I: Reduced - Coggle Diagram
Edward VI and Mary I: Reduced
Mary I
Religious Policies
1553: 1st Act of repeal: Repealed religious doctrine back to 1547. Mary gave up title of supreme head of the church
1554: Royal Injunctions: removed clerical marriage and ordered bishops to denounce heresy (protestantism) restored catholic ceremonies. Over 200 bishops left positions
1555: Second Act of repeal: Repealed religious policy back to 1529
1557: Chantries refounded
Persuation: 12 decrees to persuade religious policies onto people. Top down approach, through education of top individuals. Wasn't very successful. Still over 19k copies of 1549 first book of common prayer in circulation
Persecution: 289 protestants burned at the stake during Mary;s reign. In 1556/57 key individuals such as Latimer and Ridley burned at the stake. Policy not successful with the public as it gained sympathy for those being burned, and Latimer and Ridley became martyrs.
Social Policies
Economic situation and policies
1556-57: Bad harvests led to strain on food supplies and agriculture
Growing population
Disease and epidemics - 1557 to 1558 Typhus and Influenza epidemics killed 1 in 10 people in England
1558 New Book of Rates which imposed new customs duties and taxes, didn't benefit Mary, just Liz
Social unrest/rebellion
Wyatts rebellion: January to February 1554:
Causes: Marys marriage to Philip I of Spain. Anti Spanish feelings throughout the country. Wyatt did not wish for foreign intervention in the English government, did not want England involved in spanish foreign wars.
Events: Renard got wind of plot
2500 rebels raised in Kent throughout January 1554. Duke of Norfolks army sent to put down rebellion, men joined instead.
On 3rd February, Rebels marched to London at southwark and by 12th February rebels within half a km of the queen (threat).
Queens army sent and put down the rebellion
Outcome: 90 rebels executed. Wuatt executed but became a martyr, led to the execution of Lady Jane Grey, who wasn't involved but maybe sparked rebellion as she was alternative
Marriage and early reign
Mary acceded the throne in August 1553.
2 rivalries for Marys potential marriage: John Gardiner supported marriage to the Earl of Devon and Paget supported marriage to Philip I of Spain
Mary preferred alliance with the Hapsburgs through marriage to Philip I of Spain. Marriage in July 1554
Marriage announced to parliament in December 1553, treaty in January 1554
Marriage treaty: Philip had no right to the throne on England, if marriage childless then succession to Elizabeth, England would not finance Spanish wars.
Edward VI
Social policies
1547: Vagabonds Act: Branded vagrants, sold into slavery. Lifetime of slavery on second offence, death on 3rd offence.
1548: Proclamations: banned football, rumours and unlawful meetings
1549: Sheep Tax
1552 Poor Law: Record of vagrants and vagabonds to be made for almshouses.
Economic Policies and situation
1548: Enclosure, which enclosed land for grazing, brought 5% tax
Recalled coinage
1550: Sheep tax repealed
1547: Sheep tax imposed
Growing population, and unrest
Religious policies
1549 1st Book of common prayer: allowed clerical marriage, wearing of traditional robes. Translated bible into Emglish
1549 Act of Uniformity: Enforces book of common prayer and made worship the same throughout England
1547 Book of Homilies and Paraphrases: Surmons and prayers became protestant. Act of six articles repealed
1552 2nd Book of common prayer: Reinforced 1st book, banned wearing of vestment and prayers for the dead.
1552 2nd Act of uniformity: enforced second book of common prayer
1552: 42 Articles of Faith: outlined rules for the church, never imposed due to Edwards death
Growing humanist thought throughout Edwards reign. Edward encouraged humanist thinkers and was influenced by key individuals, such as his tutor Sir John Cheke. Humanist righter Udell encouraged by government. Many humanists such as Martyr and Bucer invited to court.
Crisis/unrest
17 rebellions seen in England in 1549
Western Rebellion
June to August 1549
Causes: - Religion, specifically first book of common prayer. Cornish couldnt speak or read english and so couldnt read the bible when it was translated into English in 1549 book of common prayer. Cornish wanted Act of six articles reinstated, and bible in latin.
Events: led by Humphrey Arundell. Rebels met at Bodmin and drew grievances. Marched through to Exeter and Clyst St Mary, 6000 rebels. Citizens of exeter pushed back the rebels for 6 weeks, until July 1549 when Somerset sent army to put down rebellion. Rebellion pushed back to Sampford Courtney, and defeated at Fenny Bridges.
Outcome: 3000 rebels executed and defeated. Prayer book still enforced, Arundell executed.
Ketts Rebellion
July 1549
Causes: Against enclosure and economic policies. Against increase in rents and also sheep tax. Also grievances with poor quality of priests in East Anglia.
Events: In Norwich, 15000 rebels raised. Messenger from London sent to disperse the crowds and offer a pardon, but was ignored and returned to London. Somerset sent army of 1800 to disperse crowds and offer a pardon, but also ignored and returned to London. An Army of 12000 men were sent to defeat the rebels, and dispersed the crowds.
Outcome: Kett imprisoned and executed in December 1549 and hung from Norwich castle as a warning
Hatred of Flowerdew. sent rebels to Kett who joined