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Lipid Biosynthesis, 截圖 2022-05-04 下午11.12.46, 需要來自於蘋果酸(malate)被轉化爲丙酮酸過程的還原…

- - - - 反應會使乙醯輔酶 A 羧酸化Reaction carboxylates acetyl-CoA
      - Catalyzed by acetyl-CoA carboxylase反應由乙醯輔酶Ａ縮化酶催化（有三個單元）
        
        生物素載體蛋白(biotin carrier protein)
        
        生物素羧化酶(biotin carboxylase)
        
        轉羧酶(transcarboxylase)
        
        有生物素在體蛋白有和 Lys 共價鍵結的生物素 biotin，生物素會攜帶 CO2
  - - - growing chain with activated acetate
    - - carbonyl to hydroxyl
    - - alcohol to trans-alkene
    - - alkene to alkane
- - - - 在脂肪細胞(adipocyte)中來自 PPP 和蘋果酸酵素 (malic enzyme)
      - in hepatocytes肝細胞 and mammary gland乳腺:
        pentose phosphate pathway
        在肝細胞或是乳腺中來自 PPP