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Asexual and sexual reproduction - Coggle Diagram
Asexual and sexual reproduction
Asexual reproduction
-Organisms reproduce to pass on their genes and create new members of their species. If the organisms of a species all fail to reproduce then the species may become extinct.
Sexual reproduction
-In sexual reproduction new organisms are produced from the fusion of a male sex cell with a female sex cell. This fusion of gametes is called fertilisation.
-Sex cells are also known as gametes. Male gametes are made by male reproductive structures. Female gametes are made by female reproductive structures.
Plants
-Asexual reproduction in plants can take a number of forms. Many plants develop underground food storage organs that later develop into the following year's plants. Potatos and daffodils are both examples of plants which do this.
-Some plants such as the spider plant, Chlorophytum, produce side branches with plantlets on them. Other plants like strawberries, produce runners with plantlets on them.
In animals
-fertilization—that is, the uniting of the gametes—can be either internal or external. In external fertilization, the male releases sperm over eggs that have been released by a female. This form of fertilization is used by many invertebrates and by most fish and amphibians.
fragmentation
-He process of fragmenting—breaking into pieces or being divided into parts. It can also refer to the state or result of being broken up or having been divided.
Example
In liverworts and mosses. Small pieces of moss "stems" or "leaves" are often scattered by the wind, water or animals. If a moss fragment reaches a suitable environment, it can establish a new plant.
Parthenogenesis
-A reproductive strategy that involves development of a female (rarely a male) gamete (sex cell) without fertilization.
Example
-It is a method in which a new individual developed without fertilization. Here, males do not have any role to play and only female gametes develop into new offspring. Examples of plants showing parthenogenesis include honey bees, ants, birds.
spore formation
Spore Formation is a method in Asexual Reproduction. Many Spores are stored in sacs called Sporangia. When Sporangia burst; minute single-celled, thin or thick walled structures called spores are obtained.
-Fungi like Rhizopus, Mucor, etc., are examples of spore formation. This is a common bread mould plant or rhizopus fungus. It reproduces by forming spores. Regeneration is an asexual method of reproduction
Budding
-Adjective. at an early stage of development but showing promise or potentiala budding genius.
-Budding is a type of asexual reproduction in which a new organism develops from an outgrowth or bud due to cell division at one particular site. For example, the small bulb-like projection coming out from the yeast cell is known as a bud.
vegetative propagation
-Is any form of asexual reproduction occurring in plants in which a new plant grows from a fragment or cutting of the parent plant or specialized reproductive structures, which are sometimes called vegetative propagules.
Example
Begonia and Bryophyllum are examples of vegetative propagation by leaves. This is a form of asexual reproduction in which new plants grow from the buds growing on the margin of the leaves. These buds are reproductive in nature and when they fall on the ground they germinate and form a new plant.
