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Unit 1A- Natural Hazards - Coggle Diagram

- - - - using scientific equipment to detect warning signs of events, such as a volcanic eruption
    - - using historical evidence and monitoring, scientists can make predictions about when and where a tectonic hazard might happen
    - - designing buildings that will withstand tectonic hazards
    - - identifying and avoiding places at most risk
  - - - Study of fossils - we have found the same fossil on all the southern countries
      - Shape of the countries - Africa and South America slot together like a puzzle
      - Pattern of rocks - similar patterns of rock layers found in continents that were once joined
    - - plates that are moving away
    - - plates are moving towards each other
    - - plates are beside each other
- - - - Category 1
        
        74-96 mph
        
        roof tile flew away
      - Category 5
        
        157+ mph
        
        there is no house
      - Category 4
        
        130-157 mph
        
        roof is gone
      - Category 2
        
        96-111 mph
        
        bent trees; window breaks
      - Category 3
        
        111-130 mph
        
        trees break; roof flying; no door
      - using Saffir Simpson
    - - Distribution
        
        Over last few decades sea surface temperatures in the Tropics have increased by 0.25 - 0.5 degrees C
        
        may affect areas outside of current hazard zone
        
        may become more powerful
        
        Hurricane Catarina (2004 March)
        
        SE of Brazil struck by Cat 2 (1st ever)
        
        Coastal towns taken by surprise
        
        Hurricanes don't form in S. Atlantic
        
        Cold, ocean currents keep water below min. temperature for hurricane
        
        Strong winds prevent air rising
      - Intensity
        
        Hurricane intensity in the N. Atlantic has risen in the last 20 years
        
        Appears to be linked to increases in sea surface temperature
        
        More data needed over a longer period of time
        
        Comparisons with past may not be completely reliable
      - Frequency
        
        6/10 most active years since 1950 have happened since the mid-1990s
        
        Some computer models indicate that the frequency of tropical storms may decrease in the future- but their intensity might increase
  - - - Polar - cold air
      - Tropical - warm air
      - Maritime - wet weather
      - Continental - dry weather
    - - Rainfall
        
        increasing in the UK
        
        From 1880 - 1980, it has gone up and down, but after it has increased and doesn't look as though to be decreasing
      - Temperature
        
        increasing
        
        Before 1980, temp was slowly increasing, but fluctuated; after 1980 it spikes
      - Impacts
        
        More flooding
        
        Over-heating in homes
        
        Lack of public water (shortages)
        
        Threat to nature (native species)
        
        Risk of food spikes due to food shortages
        
        Diseases spread quicker
    - - We sit underneath 2 climate cells, so there is a battle going on above us, creating the unpredictable weather
      - Jet stream is wind that blows between the cells, and can move the boundaries of cells