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WW2, Part 1: 10 knowledge qs Part 2: Source q Part 3: Essay q, Fourteen…

- - - - Woodrow Wilson (USA)
        
        an idealist
        
        created League to resolve problems peacefully
        
        created 14 points to guide peacemaking
        
        self-determination (single national group can rule themselves)
        
        Free access to the seas
        
        Disarmament
        
        Free trade
      - Georges Clemenceau (France)
        
        Alsace-Lorraine restored to France
        
        Germany must pay with either money or land
        
        Germany must lose land on border, to ensure France's safety
      - David Lloyd George (GB)
        
        wanted Germany punished, but not too harshly, in case they seek revenge
        
        wanted to protect British navy
        
        wanted to start trading with Germany
    - - Army- limited to 100 000 men, no armored vehicles or conscription; Navy- 15 000 sailors, no submarines, Airforce- none
      - Reparations- £6.6B to be paid over 42 years; 52% to France
      - Anschluss forbidden
      - Alsace- Lorraine returned to France
      - Rhineland- Demilitarised zone
      - Sudetenland- given to Czechoslovakia, 3 million Germans lived there
      - Polish corridor- land given to Poland, cutting off East Prussia from the rest of the world
      - Blame- accept "war guilt clause", was the reason for WW1, not allowed to join the League
  - - - and Poland
        
        and Sudetenland
        
        and Czechslovakia
  - - - Hitler agrees to stop taking over after Sudetenland, but immediately takes Czech
        
        Chamberlain & co. have been fooled
  - - - Italy wanted to conquer Ethiopia for land, resources and labour
        
        asked for consent and France said yes (Britain stayed ambiguous)
        
        Italy invades Ethiopia
        
        Britain tries to push Italy out with limited trading sanctions; no one wanted to use military
        
        April 1936, Italy won
- - - - D-day
        
        June 1944
        
        Operation Overlord
        
        Code-name for cross-channel invasion of northern France
        
        Hitler expected attack in the Pas de Calais region, where channel was narrowest and English agents pretending to be sympathizers said (put most forces there)
        
        Attack was in Normandy beaches for the element of surprise, otherwise Allies on the offensive with 10-1 manpower ratio against them
      - August 1942
      - Operation Barbarossa
        
        German invasion of Russia in June 1941
        
        Expected a quick victory, but Russians started to fight back with supplies from Britain, and after Germans had to pause to kill pockets of resistance
        
        Germans defeated 20km away from Moscow due to Russians bringing soldiers who trained to fight in the Russian winter
      - Operation Uranus
        
        Russian counterattack
        
        Soviet army from a noose of soldiers around Stalingrad, cutting off vital supplies and starving German soldiers inside
        
        Re-captured city in Feb 1943 & captured 100 000 German soldiers
    - - Hitler's plan to conquer Britain
    - - RAF were days from defeat, but Germans changed tactics to bomb London, giving them breathing space
        
        On 17th September, Hitler called off the operation. Hitler had suffered his first defeat
    - - This was crucial as it took German planes 5 minutes to cross the channel, and 15 minutes to take-off for the British
        
        Although Britain produced 563 planes per month, and the Germans made 156
  - - - conquered Holland, Belgium and Northern France in less than 2 months