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British Literature II, Lord Byron, Louis Bennett, Amrita Pritam, Nuala Ni…
British Literature II
Sensibility
Olaudah Equinao
- Became a slave at the age of 11
- Was a large figure in the abolishment of
slavery.
- Wrote piece of literature explaining the hardship and challenges of being a slave during the reign of the British Empire including: From The Interesting Narrative and From Thoughts and Sentiments
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"When I looked round the ship too and saw a large furnace or copper boiling, and a multitude of black people of every description chained together, every one of their countenances expressing dejection and sorrow, I no longer doubted of my fate; and, quite overpowered with horror and anguish, I feel motionless on the deck and fainted."
Brings up the anguish and suffering that slaves suffered during this time period. Equinao wanted every one to know the hard truth of slavery.
"Sensitivity or responsiveness to other people's suffering, and based on the belief that human beings have an innate sympathy for others, and ability to share other's feelings" - Professor Hall
Romanticism
"Associated with creativity, emotion, and individual expression. Celebrate of nature and natural man"- Professor Hall
Dorthy Wordsworth
- Born in Cuberland was a British Poet
- Very close to her brother William Wordsworth
- Enjoyed writing about nature and its beauty
- Wrote The Grasmere Journal
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“had light enough to see that a man was driving a cart which seemed not to be very full, & that a woman with an infant in her arms was following close behind & a dog close to her.”
Describes the suffering of her people. However, she gives little to no explanation of how to fix this problem of these political issues. She uses imagery and nature to appeal to the emotions of the readers.
Thomas Pain
- Political Philosopher who supported revolutionary implications in American and French revolutions. - Wrote The Rights of Man
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“There is scarcely an epithet of abuse to be found in the English language, with which Mr. Burke has not loaded the French Nation and the National Assembly."
Paine disagreed with what Burke said throughout his piece of literature named Reflections on the Revolution. Paine believed in science and society allowing people to create a sense of individualism.
Victorian Era
Christina Rossetti
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- Born in 1830
- Wrote the Goblin Market
- Includes illustrations by her brother throughout the poem
"Come Buy, Come Buy:"
Rossetti is explaining the consumer market throughout this poem, and begins describing all of the exotic fruits that seem unnatural are produced by these 'Goblins'. The story goes into to tell how her sister is eating all of them until she is sick. There is a sexualization of women throughout this poem, and how women suffer with temptations. In this case, the example was all of the unnatural consumer fruits.
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Charles Darwin
- Born in 1809
- 1859 Origins of Species was published
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Literary Canon
Pieces of literature that can have cultural significance no matter the time period and what we are doing in society that day.
Toru Dutt
- Lived in India then moved to Europe.
- Died at the age of 21
- Wrote Our Casuarina and was published in 1882
"before my inner visions rose a form sublime, Thy form, O Tree, as in my happy prime."
Dutt begins to tell memories of this tree whenever she far away, and how it brings back happy memories of love and her family. While some might consider this a literary canon it is important to understand and ask the question "would this be relatable in our society?" This poem creates the feelings of nostalgia, while this is important it could become not as personal to some.
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William Gladstone
- Born 1809 and became Prime Minister
- "Our Colonies" speech in 1855
The speech "Our Colonies" was highlighting how Gladstone thought that these British colonies were seen as 'desirable'. Because they were constantly expanding Britain not because of the profit that they were making. Once again, this speech could be seen as literary canon because Britain is plays a large part in world trade. However, it is not a relevant part of our society currently in America.
Aestheticism
Oscar Wilde
- Born in 1854
- Published a series of epigrams that form the preface to The Picture of Dorian Gray in 1891.
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George Bernard
- Born in 1856 and raised in Dublin until the age of 20 whenever he moved to London
- Written in 1893 and was first staged in 1925 because of the scandalous scenes and information.
"Mrs. Warrens Profession" brought up the ideas of the "New Women", and how women should be seen and what rights and opportunities should be offered to them. The "New Woman" also brings up the idea of independent women as seen with the main plot with Mrs.Warren. However, while the new woman is associated with rights and women's independence it is also associated with a misguided woman as well. The play that Shaw wrote brings up many ideas on morals and what people should/ should not be able to do, and also addresses the question of "who is the one deciding this?"
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19th century form of art that expresses people's view of exploration and beauty to teach a lesson or morals.
Lord Byron
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- Born 1788 in London
- Childe Harold's Pilgrimage was published in 1812 and was one the best selling epic poem by Lord Byron
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Louis Bennett
20th Century
William Butler Yeats
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- Born in 1865 and died in 1939.
- Irish poet and leading figure in the Irish revival
- Served as senator after Ireland became an independent republic
- "The Second Coming" was published in 1920
"The darkness drops again; but now I know That twenty centuries of stony sleep Were vexed to nightmare by a rocking cradle, And what rough beast, its hour come round at last, Slouches towards Bethlehem to be born?"
"The Second Coming" that Yeats wrote was not specifically about the resurrection of Jesus. More so that something was coming that he was unsure of the consequences of this event. There is a loss of hope in the lines below, and a sense of despair for what is to come.
Virginia Woolf
- Born in 1882 and died in 1941
- Modernist fiction writer
- Born and raised in London.
- 1925 Mrs.Dalloway was published
- 1929 A Room of One's Own was published.
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"I pondered... what effect poverty has on the mind; and what effect wealth has on the mind... thinking of the safety and prosperity of the one sex and poverty and insecurity of the other and of the effect of tradition and of the lack of tradition upon the mind of a writer."
This specific line from A Room of One's Own also the reader to think and understand what Woolf might be wanting to get out of this piece of literature. She is thinking about all of the privilege that has been given to her and how this could be based on gender. This quote explores the role of women during the 20th century, and how writing for Woolf allowed her to understanding the affect of privilege.
Winston Churchill
- UK Prime Minister from 1940-1945.
- Born in 1874
- Wrote "Two Speeches"
- First speech May 1940, second speech June 1940
“We shall go on to the end, we shall fight in France, we shall fight on the seas and oceans, we shall fight growing confidence and growing strength in the air, we shall defend out Island.”
Throughout this speech Churchill was trying to tell the people to keep going and don't lose hope through the difficult times. These speeches were meant not only to bring awareness to the serious of the problem, but that no matter what that they all need to keep going.
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George Orwell
- Born in 1903
- "Shooting an Elephant" was published in 1936
- Based off of Orwell's experience as a police officer in the 1920's
Explores the power dynamics between British imperialism and how it affects the colonies and the people living within the colonies.
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- Born in 1919-2005
- Jamaican poet and folklorist
- "Colonization in Reverse" 1966
- Written in Creole Vernacular
"Jamaica people colonizin Englan in Reverse Be the hundred, be de tousan Fro country and from town, By de ship-load, be the plane load Jamaica is Englan boun"
The way that Bennett speaks throughout this piece of literature makes it almost humorous for people to read. She is saying how by how many Jamaican people are going to England, they are colonizing England, not the English colonizing Jamaica. The way she says to pack your bags and get ready is comical, because of the serious circumstances that were surrounding this, she gives it a lighter approach.
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Amrita Pritam
- Born in 1919
- She was born in Gujranwala Punjab
- Poet and feminist thinker
Throughout this time there was conflict between people and the disagreement on the religious beliefs because of the segregation between India, Pakistan, and East Pakistan. In the quote above she is saying how people that used to sing and love one another are now fighting because of this new border tearing everyone apart.
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Nuala Ni Dhomniall
"Minority languages in the English sphere face a 90 percent extinction rate between now and some time in the next century."
She begins to explain that Irish offers a different worldview for people to experience themselves and learn more about other languages.
- Born in 1952
- Irish poet, playwright, and essayist
- 1995 essay explains why she writes in Irish poetry compared to English
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Jean Rhys
- Born in 1890
- Wrote Wide Sargasso Sea in 1966
- Tells the story of the first Mrs.Rochester "Madwoman in the attic."
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Wide Sargasso Sea was set in Jamaica after the slavery abolition act, and considers the complicated relationship between center and periphery in the British Empire.
Derry Girls
Explores the hardships and normal lives of them through history because of the conflicts in Ireland.
Political conflict in Northern Ireland in the 1990's brings 5 high school girls together, and is about the problems that teenagers face.
John Clare
- Born in 1793
- Apprenticed at 14 as a cobbler, and had a variety of jobs throughout his life
- "Lament of Swordy Well" published in the 1830's
"Im swordy well a piece of land Thats fell upon the town Who worked me till I couldn't stand & crush me now Im down."
Throughout this time period while Clare was writing the process of enclosure began to take place. Enclosure is where common land turns into private property, causing many families and farmers to move to urban areas and work in factories. "Lament of Swordy Well" portrays the nature of animals with human like qualities. Clare describes that these animals homes are getting destroyed in order to meet human needs, so humans do not suffer. However, while humans are not suffering the land and the animals are.
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