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Disorders of the middle ear Blausen_0330_EarAnatomy_MiddleEar - Coggle…
Disorders of the middle ear
Acute otitis media
Defination
is a painful type of ear infection. It occurs when the area behind the eardrum called the middle ear becomes inflamed and infected.
Pathophysiology
Inflammation reaction result in the eustachian tube
Inflammatory process advances ,fever increases and hearing
decreases.
Fluid stagnates because of no drainage
Becomes swollen and blocked
Movable loints of the ossicle becomes immovable and
transmittion of sound wave
Signs and symptoms
Headache
Irritability
Loss of appetite
Vomiting
Otalgia
Otorrhea
Diarrhea
Causes
allergies
cigarette smoke
A cold
a sinus infection
The flu
drinking while laying down in infants
Nursing care plan
Administer pain medication such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen as prescribed.
Monitor and record vital signs closely.
Instruct the use of a warm heating pad or an ice pack application.
Over-the- counter ear drops
References
Acute otitis media. Rochester, Minn.: Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research; 2018
Lieberthal AS, et al. The diagnosis and management of acute otitis media. Pediatrics. 2013;131:e964.
Chronic otitis media
Definition
is a recurrent infection of the middle ear and/or mastoid air cells in the presence of a tympanic membrane perforation.
Pathophysiology
Is complex and multifactorial. Current theories suggest that chronic otitis media is initiated by an episode of acute infection.
irritation and subsequent inflammation of the middle ear mucosa
The cycle of inflammation, ulceration, infection, and granulation tissue formation may continue, eventually destroying the surrounding bony margins and ultimately leading to the various complications of chronic otitis media
References
Chronic suppurative otitis media: Burden of illness and management options. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, 2004.
http://www.who.int/pbd/deafness/activities/hearing_care/otitis_media.pdf
(Accessed on January 13, 2011).
Glasscock M, Haynes D, Storper I, Bohrer P. Surgery for chronic ear disease. In: Clinical Otology, Hughes G, Pensak M (Eds), Thieme, New York 1997. p.215.
Signs and symptoms
Hearing loss in the affected ear.
Mild Fever
Vertigo
Sleeping trouble
Discharge from the ear
Swelling
Causes
Allergy
Cold and flu.
Smoking and drinking
Sinus
Risks
Acute ear infections
Eardrum scarring.
Partial hearing loss or speech problems.
Cysts
Nursing care plan
Broad spectrum antibiotic ear drops
Carefully dry ear by wicking
Administer antibiotics
Discourage cotton ear bud
