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ISSUES & DEBATES- NATURE vs NURTURE - Coggle Diagram
ISSUES & DEBATES- NATURE vs NURTURE
NATURE
BIOLOGICAL
RAINE: found that damage to the pre frontal cortex leads to the inability of controlling impulsive behaviour. Also found that violent offenders had lower activity in the pre frontal cortex & higher activity in the occipital lobe. NGRI's had less activity in the corpus callosum. Had less activity in the left hemisphere & more in the right in the amygdala
CLINICAL
focuses on the biological aspects of causing SZ such as neurotransmitters. Dopamine hypothesis indicates how higher levels of dopamine causes SZ
COGNITIVE
The process/how memory works is innate/biological
NURTURE
SOCIAL
BANDURA: Illustrates how aggressive behaviour can be immitated from observing models. Children who watched aggressive model showed much more aggressive behaviour similar to the models actions. Children in the non aggressive model condition showed a lot less aggression & control condition 70% of children had an aggression score of 0
SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY: we learn through observation, immitation, vicarious reinforcment & role models. ATTENTION-RETENTION-REPRODUCTION-MOTIVATION
SHERIF: competition between groups can result in prejudice & discrimination. Friction stage: name calling, burnt eachothers flags, raided eachother, met for a fight before intervention. The introduction of superordinate goals like fixing water tank reduced group hostility & increased cooperation
REALISTIC CONFLICT THEORY: whenever there are two or more groups that are seeking the same limited resources this leads to conflict, negative stereotypes & discrimination between groups. These can be reduced if superordinate goals are introduced (mutually desired goals that cannot be achieved without cooperation between groups)
AGENCY THEORY: We have 2 mental states: autonomous (we're responsible for our behaviour so we feel guilt) & Agentic (the authority figure commanding us is responsible for our behaviour so we don't feel guilty). When an authority figure commands us something that goes against our morals we experience a moral strain. We go into an Agentic shift to remove this moral strain, from autonomous state to agentic.
MILGRAM: Variation 10 used a run down office block instead of Yale university & obedience dropped to 47.5%- suggests agentic shift is triggered by symbols of authority.
SOCIAL IMPACT THEORY: There are influences that affects the likelihood that someone will obey- Strength (how much power the person influencing you has), Immediacy (How close you are to the influence) & Numbers (The number of people trying to influence you)
COGNITIVE
RECONSTRUCTIVE MEMORY: Schemas are parcels of knowledge about the world, influenced by our past experiences
Memories are affected by environment/experience (Baddeley)
LTM- Episodic memories are unique & personal bases on experiences
WMM- Digit Span has limited capacity so is affected by number of syllables in language so the language you learn/speak will affect your digit span (S&HG)
HM's memory was affected by surgical intervention (hippocampus removed), shows memory can be affected by injury (environment)
Definition
The debate considers how much of behaviour, feelings and thoughts are from nature: internal influences we're born with/inherit through genes, and how much is down to nurture: external influences which can be pre birth (diet, drug taking & health of mother) & post birth (physical environment & upbringing)