Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Materials - Coggle Diagram
Materials
Timbers
Hardwood
Made from deciduous trees, take longer to grow and are more expensive
Mahogany
strong and durable, fairly strong and of medium weight, relatively easy to work with but prone to warping
Oak
attractive grain markings, tough and durable, polishes well
Softwood
Pine
Hard, straight-grained, strong and durable with a smooth finish
-
Cedar
Lightweight and knot free, has natural oils that protect it, easy to work but weak and expensive
Manufactured Boards
Plywood
Odd number of layers of veneer glued at 90 degree angles for strength, aesthetically pleasing outer layer, it is stiff and hard to bend
MDF
A compressed board made from wood fibres glued together, smooth, light brown, can be veneered and painted, hard, keeps edges well on cutting, goes soggy when exposed to water
Metals
Ferrous
Contains iron, typically magnetic and prone to rusting
Cast iron
Brittle if thin, can be cast in a mould, strong compression strength, good electrical and thermal conductivity but poor resistance to corrosion
Manhole covers, pans and gates
High-carbon steel
Hard but brittle, less malleable than mild steel, good electrical and thermal conductivity
Taps and tools, eg screwdrivers and chisels
Non-ferrous
-
Aluminium
Light in weight and malleable but strong, a good conductor of heat and corrosion resistant
Drink cans, saucepans, bike frames
Copper
An excellent electrical conductor of heat and electricity, extremely malleable and can be polished, oxidises
Plumbing fittings and electrical wires, professional chef's saucepans
Alloy
-
Brass
Non-ferrous metal that is strong and ductile, casts well and is gold coloured but darkens when oxidised with age, a good conductor of heat
Taps, screws, castings, locks and doorknobs
Stainless steel
Ferrous metal that is silver when polished, hard and tough with excellent resistance to corrosion
Cutlery, sinks, saucepans, surgical equipment
Polymers
-
Thermoforming
Acrylic
Stiff, hard but scratches easily, durable, brittle in small sections, good electrical insulator, machines and polishes well
High impact polystyrene
Light, hard, stiff, transparent, brittle, with good water resistance
Thermosetting
Epoxy resin
Good electrical insulator, hard, brittle unless reinforced, resists chemicals well
Urea formaldehyde
Stiff, hard, strong, brittle, good electrical insulator
Papers and boards
Papers
Tracing paper
Thin, translucent, smooth, strong, and doesn’t absorb ink easily
Copying drawings, sketches and intricate details
Papers are made from wood pulp, which comes from trees, it is rolled out to produce the thin sheets we use. It is cut into the A Series (A0 - A10) to give us different sizes of paper
Cartridge paper
Thick, textured surface, usually creamy, off-white colour, heavier than copier paper
For all colour mediums, including ink and watercolour, crayons and pastels
Boards
Corrugated card
Strong but lightweight, made from two layers with at least two or more fluted sheets between, available in different thicknesses, not water resistant, can be recycled
-
-
Mounting board
Rigid with smooth surface, available in a range of colours
-
Textiles
Man-made
Acrylic
Like all synthetic fibres, has good strength with good elastic properties so doesn’t crease, has poor absorbency
Nylon
A hardwearing fibre with good tensile strength, has good elasticity so doesn’t crease and is resistant to chemicals, not absorbent and melts easily
Natural
Cotton
Highly absorbent so is comfortable to wear, strong and durable, easy to care for but can shrink and has poor elasticity
Wool
Absorbent with good insulating properties due to the fibre’s natural crimp, has good elasticity so doesn’t crease much, relatively strong but can shrink
Reduce, reuse, refuse, repair, rethink, recycle