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Obedience to Authority |Milgram Experiment| by Stanley Milgram 1961,…
Obedience to Authority |Milgram Experiment| by Stanley Milgram 1961
Results
65% of the sample administered the final shock
100% administered a shock of at least 300 volts.
Individuals exhibited signs of nervousness and being uncomfortable, such as sweating, trembling, stuttering, biting their lips, groaning, digging their fingernails, nervous laughter or smiling.
Rise in questions about the research ethics of scientific experimentation due to the extreme emotional stress
Rise of the theory of conformism and agentic state theory: leaving decision to the group and its hierarchy/carrying out another's wishes and absolving themselves of responsibility
Experiment Method and Design
How
Participants would be "randomly" selected to become the teacher, being told to shock the other "participant" should they fail to answer the question correctly.
Where
In the basement of Linsly-Chittenden Hall at Yale University
When
July 1961, three months after the start of the trial of German Nazi War Criminal Adolf Eichmann in Jerusalem
Variables
Independent
Time of day
Authority Figure
Number of authority figures
Number of participants
Number of learners
Difficulty of questions
Race of authority/learner
Type of learner
Dependent
Willingness to shock learner
Obedience to authority
Aim/Hypothesis
Is it possible that German Nazis really were following orders? Are people that susceptible to authority?
Obedience demonstrated by Nazis is a distinct German character that will not be represented by Americans
Sample
A diverse sample of men in the age range of 20 to 50 from a diverse range of occupations with varying levels of education
Sample of 40 men
The teacher was given a list of word pairs. They would read the list, then read the first word of each pair and four possible answers. The learner pressed a button to indicate his response. Should it be incorrect, the teacher would administer a shock to the learner (increasing by 15 volts)
Should the teacher fail to administer the shock, the experimenter would give verbal prods: Please continue or Please go on. The experiment requires that you continue. It is absolutely essential that you continue. You have no other choice; you must go on.
An experiment conducted in order to determine the degree of obedience to authority through the administration of electric shocks by the participant.
Procedure
The subject and an actor arrived together. The experimenter told them they'll be participating in a scientific study of memory and learning in order to determine the effect of punishment on a subject's ability to memorize content
Monetary compensation was guaranteed and was not subject to change.
The subject was purposefully given the role of the teacher, while appearing to have obtained it randomly.
The learner was strapped into an electric chair, separated so that they could communicate but not see each other.
The teacher was given a sample electric shock and the experimenter was dressed in a lab coat for more authority
Failure to answer was marked as an incorrect answer and was punished with an electric shock.