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Attachment AO1 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - behavioural SRs
        
        cooing, crying, laughing, etc.
      - physical SRs
        
        big eyes, small nose, etc.
  - - - CP = 3-6 MO
- - - - moore et al.
        
        an adult carried out 1 of 3 facial expressions or a hand gesture whilst the infant had a dummy in their mouth to prevent them from immediately mimicking it. The dummy was removed and the infants' actions were observed. The infants frequently mimicked the adult, implying interactional synchrony was innate.
  - - - brezelton et al.
        
        described caregiver/ infant interactions as a dance in which one will respond to the other.
- - - - securely attached children form better peer relationships more easily whereas insecurely attached infants experience greater difficulties forming relationships.
  - - - made the love quiz: a self-assessment questionnaire that PPs filled in to evaluate their past and present attachment type. They found a positive correlation between the attachment type that people has as a child and as an adult. Securely attached PPs had the longest relationships (usually over 10 years) whereas insecure-resistant PPs had the shortest (6 years on average). The positive correlation between childhood attachment types and adult attachment types provides support for Bowlby's theory of an internal working model.
  - - - used the strange situation to assess the attachment types of nearly 100 mothers and their infants. Used an interview to determine the attachment types that the aforementioned mothers shared with their own mothers. They found that the attachment types that a mother shared with their infant were most frequently the same attachment type they shared with their own mother. This supports the theory that the internal working model persists throughout someone's life and affects how they form relationships.
- - - - (0-2 MO) the infant treats people and objects the same, by the end of this stage they have a preference for eyes and faces
    - - (2-6 MO) the infant prefers human company over non-human company. They can distinguish between people, yet show no preference for certain people. They show no stranger anxiety (fear of strangers).
    - - (7-12 MO) the infant prefers to be comforted by their primary caregiver and shows stranger anxiety. They show joy upon reunion with their primary caregiver.
    - - (12 MO+) the infant prefers the company of their primary caregiver but can also be comforted by other people such as family members known as secondary attachments..
- - - - imprinting = when a bird forms a permanent attachment to the first large moving object it sees within the first 12-17 hours of its life (the critical period)
      - the goslings were divided into a control group (the goslings imprinted onto their biological mother) and experimental group (the goslings imprinted lorenz). The goslings were marked to indicate which group they were in, placed under a box, the box was removed and their reactions were observed. The goslings always returned to whoever they had imprinted onto, implying imprinting was irreversible and innate.
  - - - used 4 experimental conditions (cloth mother w food and wire mother w food, cloth mother w food, wire mother w food, cloth mother no food and wire mother w food, cloth mother w food and wire mother no food). The time that the monkeys spent with each mother was recorded. The monkeys always spent more time with the cloth mother when she was available, otherwise they showed signs of distress (diarrhoea). When placed in a larger cage to observe exploration, monkeys with the cloth mother explored more which is a sign of emotional security. When startled by a loud noise, the monkeys would always flee to the cloth mother when available. This implies that baby monkeys innately seek out comforting primary caregivers rather than primary caregivers who provide them with food.