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Digestive & Urinary System Delia Ocampo P.2 - Coggle Diagram
Digestive & Urinary System Delia Ocampo P.2
Major Functions of Digestive System
Digestion:the chemical and mechanical breakdown of foods and absorption of nutrients
Mechanical digestion:breaks down large pieces of food into smaller ones
Chemical digestion:breaks down large nutrient molecules into smaller chemicals by breaking chemical bonds
Major Functions of Urinary System
-Filters salts and wastes from the blood
-Regulates pH and body fluid volume
-Helps maintain normal concentration of electrolytes and water
-Helps control red blood cell production and blood pressure
Major Organs of Digestive System
-Mouth:where food is received and it begins mechanical digestion by chewing
-Salivary glands:forms saliva which moistens and dissolves food particles
-Esophagus:carries food and liquid from the mouth to the body
-Liver:responsible for metabolic activities, maintains proper blood concentrations,stores vitamins,and also filters the blood
-Gallbladder:stores bile between meals and reabsorbs water to concentrate the bile
-Stomach:mixes food with digestive juices,begins digestion of proteins and propels food to small intestine
-Pancreas:produces the pancreatic juice that aids digestion
-Small intestine:receives chyme from the stomach,finishes digestion of nutrients and transports the remaining residue to the large intestine
-Large intestine:does not digest or absorb nutrients
-Rectum:holding area for stool
-Anus:where the stool comes out
Major Organs of Urinary System
-Kidney :regulates the volume,composition and pH of body fluids and also removes the metabolic wastes from the blood and forms urine
-Renal Vein:carries blood from the kidney and ureter to the inferior vena cava
-Renal Artery:carries large amount of blood from the aorta to the kidneys
Ureter:there are narrow tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder
-Urinary bladder:this is where the urine is stored in order for it to exit through the urethra
Urethra:the tube through which the urine leaves the body
Digestive enzymes
-Salivary amylase:begins carbohydrate digestion by breaking down starch to disaccharides
-Pepsin:begins protein digestion
-Pancreatic amylase:breaks down starch into disaccharides
-Pancreatic lipase-breaks down fat into fatty acids and glycerol
-Trypsin,Chymotrypsin,Carboxypeptisade:breaks down protein or partially digested proteins into peptides
Nucleases:breaks down nucleic acids to nucleotides
Peptidase:breaks down peptides into amino acids
Sucrase,maltase and lactase:break down disaccharides into monosaccharides
Intestinal lipase:breaks down fats into fatty acids and glycerol
Enterokinase:converts trypsinogen into trypsin
Location of digestion & absorption of each macro molecule
Carbohydrates:this provides energy to the body and can occur in different forms like sugar,etc...and it first begins with the breakdown of complex carbohydrates
Proteins:provide structure and support for the cells but also allow the body to move
Lipids:serve as a structural component of cell membranes and as an energy storehouse and it is absorbed in the intestine
Nucleic acids:used for storage and expression of genomic information and it is digested in the small intestine with the help if both pancreatic enzymes produced by the small intestine
Layers of GI tract
Mucosa:inner most layer and functions as absorption and secretion
Submucosa:the underneath layer and serves as a secretory layer
Muscularis propia:a smooth layer wall that is responsible for segmental contractions and gi movements
Adventita: this functions as a dynamic compartment for cell trafficking into and out of the artery wall
Nephron anatomy and physiology
The nephron works in a two step process which is the glomerulus filters the blood and the tubule returns needed substances and removes wastes
It is a basic structure of the kidneys the regulates water in the blood by filtering the blood and reabsorbing what is needed
Disorders of digestive and urinary systems
-Cholecystitis:it is an inflammation of the gall bladder,can happen from gallstones and you can experience a tender abdomen and bloating but can be cured with medication
-Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease:a chronic disease that occurs when esophageal sphincter relaxes,can be caused by smoking or asthma and you can experience chest pain or heart burn and can be cured with medicine or surgery
-Inflammatory Bowel Disease:a chronic intestinal condition that causes inflammation,causes are unknown but can experience abdominal pain and can be cured by medication
-Peptic Ulcers:sores that develop in the lining of the stomach,can be caused by an imbalance in gastric juices,you can experience heart burn or bloody vomit and can be cured by medication or surgery
-Colon disease: colorectal cancer is an uncontrolled cell growth in the colon can be caused by heredity,symptoms can be bloating or pelvic pain and can be cured by surgery or chemo
Bladder Cancer:when our body cells grow out of control and can be caused by cancer drugs or smoking,some symptoms can be blood in the urine or back pain and can be treated by medication or surgery
Urinary tract infection:an abnormal growth of bacteria anywhere along the urinary tract can be caused by and infection,symptoms can be burning with urination and can be treated with surgery and medication
Kidney stones:the urine contains many dissolved minerals and salts and can be caused by too much calcium,some of the symptoms are sharp cramping pain and burning but can be treated with medication or surgery