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Reproductions - Coggle Diagram
Reproductions
Asexual reproduction
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The new individuals produced are genetically and physically identical to each other, as they inherit the same genes as they parent
Disadvantages: negative mutations linger longer in asexual organisms, diversity is limited, population numbers can be difficult to control, there can be an inability to adapt and overcrowding can be a real issue.
Asexual reproduction is a type of reproduction that does not involve the fusion of gametes or change in the number of chromosomes.
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Sexual reproduction
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Characteristics:
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Variation occurs; offspring are different from parents, genetically and physically.
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Sexual reproductions is the production of new living organisms by combining genetic information from two individuals of different types. In most higher organisms, a male produces a small motile gamete which travels to fuse with a larger stationary gamete produced by the other female.
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Fragmentation
Is a method of Asexual Reproduction, where the body of the organism breaks into smaller pieces, called fragments and each segment grows into an adult individual.
Examples: Hydra, Spirogyra, etc.
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Parthenogenesis
Is the type of asexual reproduction involving the development of female gametes without any fertilization.
Examples: animals such as bees, wasps, ants have no sex chromosomes. These organisms reproduce by parthenogenesis. A few plants, reptiles and fish are also capable of reproducing in this manner.
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Spore formation
Is the process of production of spores or reproduction via spores. Spores are asexual reproductive bodies. A spore is covered by a hard protective coat to withstand unfavourable conditions such as high temperature and humidity.
Examples: fungi like Rhizopus, Mucor, etc. This is a common bread mould plant or rhizopus fungus. It reproduces by forming spores.
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Budding
Budding is a type of asexual reproduction in which a new organism develops from an outgrowth or bud due to cell division at one particular site.
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Vegetative propagation
Is a process in which plants reproduce from stems, roots and leaves. It is a form of asexual reproduction seen in plants. In fact, horticulturists use propagation methods such as grafting and budding to improve the plants.
Example: guava trees can be propagated using their roots, and Bryophyllum can be propagated by using its leaves.
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Binary fission
The type of asexual reproduction in which a microorganism splits in two equal halves is called as binary fission.
Example: Amoeba. The cells which split during binary fission have the potential to grow to the size of the original one.
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