Reproductions
Sexual reproduction
Asexual reproduction
Does not involve sex cells or fertilization
Only one parent is required
No mixing of genetic information
This process of reproduction occurs in a very short time
Organisms multiply and grow rapidly
The offspring is genetically similar
The number of chromosomes won't change.
The new individuals produced are genetically and physically identical to each other, as they inherit the same genes as they parent
Fragmentation
Parthenogenesis
Spore formation
Budding
Vegetative propagation
Binary fission
Disadvantages: negative mutations linger longer in asexual organisms, diversity is limited, population numbers can be difficult to control, there can be an inability to adapt and overcrowding can be a real issue.
The type of asexual reproduction in which a microorganism splits in two equal halves is called as binary fission.
Example: Amoeba. The cells which split during binary fission have the potential to grow to the size of the original one.
Is a method of Asexual Reproduction, where the body of the organism breaks into smaller pieces, called fragments and each segment grows into an adult individual.
Examples: Hydra, Spirogyra, etc.
Is the type of asexual reproduction involving the development of female gametes without any fertilization.
Examples: animals such as bees, wasps, ants have no sex chromosomes. These organisms reproduce by parthenogenesis. A few plants, reptiles and fish are also capable of reproducing in this manner.
Is the process of production of spores or reproduction via spores. Spores are asexual reproductive bodies. A spore is covered by a hard protective coat to withstand unfavourable conditions such as high temperature and humidity.
Examples: fungi like Rhizopus, Mucor, etc. This is a common bread mould plant or rhizopus fungus. It reproduces by forming spores.
Is a process in which plants reproduce from stems, roots and leaves. It is a form of asexual reproduction seen in plants. In fact, horticulturists use propagation methods such as grafting and budding to improve the plants.
Budding is a type of asexual reproduction in which a new organism develops from an outgrowth or bud due to cell division at one particular site.
Example: guava trees can be propagated using their roots, and Bryophyllum can be propagated by using its leaves.
Example: the small bulb-like projection coming out from the yeast cell is known as a bud.
Two parents are involved
Characteristics:
Gamete formation and fertilization take place.
The whole process is slow and lengthy.
Variation occurs; offspring are different from parents, genetically and physically.
It is important for evolution.
It occurs more frequently in higher organisms than in prokaryotes.
Sexual reproductions is the production of new living organisms by combining genetic information from two individuals of different types. In most higher organisms, a male produces a small motile gamete which travels to fuse with a larger stationary gamete produced by the other female.
Disadvantages:
It takes time and energy to find a mate and reproduce.
Reproduction through sexual means is uncertain.
Favorable genetics might not be passed to the offspring.
Fewer offspring are typically produced.
It can be deadly.
Asexual reproduction is a type of reproduction that does not involve the fusion of gametes or change in the number of chromosomes.
