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Digestive & Urinary System Eyvette Villalobos p.2 -…
Digestive & Urinary System Eyvette Villalobos p.2
Major functions of the urinary system
Kidneys
-which filter the blood
Ureters
-which transport urine from kidneys to bladder
Urinary bladder
-which stores urine
Urethra
-which conveys urine to the outside of the body
Major organs of the digestive system and function
mouth
Cheeks
- chewing
Lips
-checks temp and texture of food
Tongue
- helps move food along
Palate
- helps break food down
teeth
-breaks food into smaller pieces
Salivary Glands
- releases acid that breaks food down
abdominal region
Pharynx
- throat leads to Esophagus
Nasopharynx
- the top part air passes here behind nasal cavity
Oropharynx
- middle food and air passes here
Laryngopharynx
bottom part esophagus goes threw here
Esophagus
- contracts to push food to stomach and closes so food doesn't come back up
Stomach
-Mixes food with digestive juices to break food down and absorb nutrients
Cardia
-small region near end of esophagus
Fundus
- small round spot above cardia
Body region
-main part of the stomach between fundus and pylorus
Pylorus
-near small intestine
Pyloric sphincter
-end of stomach ¨pinch"part
Gastric Secretions
- released to protect stomach lining and helps absorb/ break down nutrientes
Pancreas
- helps digestion
Gastric Absorption
-absorbs some water, salts, alcohol, and liquid drugs
Liver
-secretes bile
Gallbladder
-Stores bile and concentrates the bile
Small intestine
-Finishes absorption of nutrients that arrive in the chyme
Duodenum
- the shortest part of the small intestine the stomach empties chyme directly into it
Jejunum
-makes two-fifths of the small intestine
Ileum
most distal portion
Large intestine
-Absorbs water and electrolytes, and forms and stores feces
Cecum
-a pouch at the start of the large intestine, with the appendix projecting downward from it
Colon
Rectum
-a straight part of the large intestine that is next to the sacrum
Anal canal
-opens to the outside as the anus
Digestive enzymes (including names and functions)
Cholecvstitis
An inflammation of the gall bladder
Causes & Risk Factors
Primarily caused by blockage of the gall duct by gallstones • Digestive tumors • Blockage of the bile duct • Inflammation • Gallstones • Diet • Female • Age
Symptoms
A Tender abdomen, Sweating, Nausea, Vomiting, Fever, Bloating, Chills, RUQ abdominal pain radiating to back
Treatments
-Options Medication Fasting Antibiotics Cholecystectomy
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
A chronic disease that occurs when the esophageal sphincter relaxes, allowing the contents of the stomach to move back into the esophagus.
Causes & Risk Factors
Frequent acid reflux Weakened esophageal sphincter Obesity Pregnancy Smoking Diabetes Asthma
Treatment Options
• Over the counter medication Maalox, Mylanta, Rolaids, Tums, Pepcid AC, Zantac, Tagamet,Prevacid, Prilosec • Prescription medication • Surgery
Symptoms
Chest pain Heartburn Dysphagia (difficulty swallowing) Dry cough Sore throat Acid reflux Sour taste Esophagitis
Inflammatory Bowel Disease
A chronic complex intestinal condition that causes inflammation in the digestive tract. Includes Cohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
Symptoms
Abdomina pain Cramping Diarrhea Fever Loss of appetite Weight loss Anemia Bowel obstruction
Causes & Risk Factors
Causes are unknown Possibly: genetics, environmental, or immune
Treatment Options
Medication Antibiotics Fluid replacement Diet adjustment Surgery
Peptic Ulcers
Sores that develop in the lining of the stomach or the duodenum
Causes & Risk Factors Imbalance in gastric juices • Bacterial infection (H.pylon) • NSAID overuse
Treatment Options Lifestyle changes Medication (dependent on cause) Endoscopic surgery
Symptoms Heartburn Severe chest pain Nausea Vomiting Bloating Bloody vomit Bloody stool Weight loss
Nephron anatomy and physiology
Functional unit of kidney; can produce urine by its self
roughly one million nephrons per kidney
made of a renal corpuscle and a renal tubule