Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Cardiovascular System, Ilyanna Sanchez, Period 1 - Coggle Diagram
Cardiovascular System, Ilyanna Sanchez, Period 1
-
ABO, Rh blood types
Avoid:
- Antibodies of 1 type will react with antigens of the same type and cause agglutination
- Possible agglutination of donor red blood cells by antibodies in recipients plasma
ABO Blood Group:
-
-Blood groups are based on presence/absence of 2 important antigens on RBC membranes (Antigen A & Antigen B)
Blood Types:
-
-
-Type AB Blood: has both A&B antigens on red blood cells but neither of antibodies in plasma (universal recipient)
-Type O Blood: has neither antigen on red blood cells but both types of antibodies in plasma (universal donor)
Rh Blood Group:
-
-
If antigenD is on 1 persons red blood cells its positive, if absent RH negative
-If person with RH negative has physical contact with RH positive blood then the person will develop anti RH antibodies
-
Cardiac Cycle & ECG:
Electocardiogram (ECG):
-
-
-P Wave: first wave, corresponds to the depolarization of the atria, leads to the concentration of the atria
-QRS Complex: corresponds to the depolarization of ventricles, leads to contraction of the ventricles, reploarization of the atria occurs during the QRS complex, hidden behind larger ventricular event
-T Wave: corresponds to ventricular depolarization, leads to ventricular relaxation
Cycle:
-The atria contract (atrial systole), ventricles relax (ventricular diastole)
-Ventricles contract (ventricular systole), the atria relax (atrial diastole)
-
Cardiac System:
-Sinoatrial (SA) Node: self exciting mass of specialized cardiac muscle, serve as pacemaker, located in posterior right atrium, generates the impulse of heartbeat
-Atrioventricular (AV) Node: passes imputes to the AV bindle, delaying the signal until atria have finished contracting located in the intertribal septum
-AB Bundle (His): AV node, impulses passto AV bundle & travel down the interventricular septum
-
-Purkinje Fibers: bundle branches give off the purkinje fiber, spreads impulse to the ventricular wall & papillary muscles
Major Blood Vessles:
-
Arteries & Arterioles:
- Arteries are strong elastic vessels adapted to carry high pressure blood
- Transport blood away from heart
- become smaller as they divide & give rise to atrerioles
- Sympathatic control of arteries & arterioles used to regulate blood flow & blood pressure
- Walls of arterioles get thinner as they approach the capillaries
Artery Walls:
- Tunica Interna: innermost endothelial layer composed of simple squamous epithelium, treats smooth surface to prevent cloths, secretes biochemicals to prevent platelet aggregation, secrets substance to regulate blood flow
- Tunica Media: thick middle layer, composed of smooth muscle
- Tunica Externa: outermost connective layer, thin, attached to artery to surround tissue
Capillaries:
- Blood vessels with the smallest diameter
- Connect small arterioles to small venules
- Consist of a layer of endothelium, substances are exchanged with tissue cells
Venules & Veins:
- Venues leading from capillaries merge to form larger veins, return blood to heart
- Walls of veins have the same 3 layers as arteries except the muscle layer is thinner, they flap like valves to prevent back flow of blood
- Lumen of a vein is larger than an artery
- Blood pressure in vein is lower then artery
- Veins function as blood reservoirs, vasoconstriction of veins in times of blood loss can almost restore moral BP after 25% of blood being lost to hemorrhage
- Contractions of skeletal muscle squeeze blood back up veins 1 valve section at a time
Cardiovascular system:
- Cardiovascular system is a closed circuit that consists of the heart &blood vessels (arteries, capillaries, & veins)
- It supplies oxygen & nutrients to tissues and removing wastes from them
- Arteries transport blood away from heart
- Veins transport blood towards the heart
- Oxygen-poor blood is carried by the pulmonary circuit to the lungs then picks up oxygen and drops off carbon dioxide
- systematic circuit sends oxygen-rich blood to all body cells where it drops off oxygen & picks up carbon dioxide
Blood Supply to heart:
- Right & left coronary arteries: first branches off the aorta, carry oxygen-rich blood to the heart
- Branches of the coronary arteries feed many capillaries of the myocardium
- Anastomoses provide alternate pathways for blood incase blood pathway becomes blocked
- Cardiac Veins drain blood from hear muscle, carry it to coronary sinus, large vein that empties into the right atrium
Heart:
- Pericardium is a membranous sac that encloses the heart
- Parietal Pericardium: outer layer of the serous membran, lines the inner surface of the fibrous pericardium
- Visceral Pericardium (epicardium): inner layer of the serous membrane, covers heart
- Pericardial Cavity: space between the visceral & parietal layers, contains serous fluid for reducing friction between the layers
- Wall of heart:
- Epicardium (Visceral Pericardium): outermost layer, serous membrane made up of connective tissue & epithelium, decreases friction in heart
- Myocardium: middle layer, consists of cardiac muscle & is the thickest layer of heart wall, pumps blood out of hear chambers
- Endocardium: inner layer, made up of connective tissue & epithelium, continuous with endothelium of major vesselsjoinig the heart
Heart Chambers/Valves:
- 4 chambers
- Atria receive blood returning from the heart, have thin walls & auricles projecting from their exterior
- Thick muscled ventricles pump blood out of heart
- Right AV tricuspid valve & left AV bicupid/mitral valve have cusps to which chorine tendinae attach
- Chordate tendinae are attached to papillary muscles, inner wall of heart, muscles contract during ventricular contraction to prevent back flow of blood through AV valves
- Superior & inferior Vena Cava bring blood back from the systematic circuit to the right atrium
- Coronary sinus drains blood from the myocardium
- Right ventricle has thinner wall then left
- Each side of heart has semilunar valve between ventricle & blood vessel
Blood Flow:
- Pulmonary Circuit: blood flow between heart and lungs
- Systemic circuit: blood flow between heart & body tissues
- Oxygen-poor blood returns to the right atrium via the superior & inferior vena cava & coronary sinus
- Right atrium contracts forcing blood through the tricuspid valve into right ventricle
- Right ventricle contracts closing tricuspid valve forcing blood through pulmonary semilunar valve into pulmonary trunk & arteries
- Pulmonary arteries carry blood to lungs where it enters alveolar capillaries, site gas exchange with alveoli of the lungs then blood drops off carbon dioxide & picks up oxygen
- Oxygen-rich blood flows back to left atrium of heart via pulmonary veins
- left atrium pumps blood through the mitral (bicuspid)valve into left ventricle
- left ventricle contracts closing mitral valve opening the aortic semilunar valve & pumping blood into the aorta for distribution of the systematic circuit of body
-