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Therapy Theories, • Good for high functioning people capable …
Therapy Theories
Psychodynamic Therapy
Change through insight and understanding of early, unresolved issues
• Insight oriented therapy
• A belief that psychopathology develops especially from early childhood experiences
• Understanding the influence of the past on current behavior
• Explore client’s transference
• Identify defense mechanisms
• Non-directive, open-ended sessions based on free association
Attachment Theory
A model for understanding how attachment to early caregivers affects our long term
functioning
• How a caregiver responds to an infant/toddler’s cues shapes that child’s view of the world.
• Used to assess the bond between mother and child.
Observing how child
responds when caregiver leaves and returns to room.
• Poor attachment leads to indiscriminate attachment and lack of trust.
Solution-Focused Therapy
Change through accessing client’s strengths and resources
• Brief, goal-directed therapy focused on client’s strengths and resources
• Focuses on what the client wants to achieve instead of focusing on the
problems
• Focuses on the client’s strengths and resources in order to create a more
effective future
• Good for short-term problems
• Miracle Question
Gestalt Therapy
Change through increased awareness of here-and-now experience
• Focuses on the process, what is actually happening, and the content, what is
being talked about
• Emphasizes what is going on in the present moment within both the client
and the therapist rather than what has happened
• Empty Chair technique example of bringing issue into present moment
Structural Family Therapy
Change through remodeling the family’s organization
Many family problems arise as a result of maladaptive boundaries and
subsystems within the family system.
A systems approach that address relationship dynamics
Behavioral Therapy
Cognitive Therapy
• Good for high functioning people capable of insight, relationship problems
Change of behavior through reinforcements and punishment
• Identify the problem, monitor behavior, reinforce desired behavior
• Positive Punishment (Punishment): occurs when a behavior (response) is
followed by a stimulus, such as introducing a shock or loud noise, resulting in
a decrease in that behavior. Ex: spanking
• Negative Punishment (Penalty) (also called "Punishment by Contingent
Withdrawal"): occurs when a behavior (response) is followed by the
removal of a stimulus. Ex: taking away a child's toy following an undesired
behavior, resulting in a decrease in that behavior.
• Token Economy (Contingency Management) is an exchange system using
the principles of operant conditioning where a token is given as a reward for
a desired behavior. Tokens may later be exchanged for a desired prize or
rewards such as power, prestige, goods, or services.
• Shaping is a form of operant conditioning in which the increasingly accurate
approximations of a desired response are reinforced.
• Good for children with behavioral problems
Change through learning to modify dysfunctional thought patterns
• Clients explore patterns of thinking and beliefs that lead to self-destructive
behaviors.
• Once an individual understands the relationship between thoughts, feelings,
and behaviors, the individual is able to modify or change existing patterns of
thinking to cope with stressors in a more positive manner.
• Focus on automatic thoughts, schemas, assumptions, beliefs
• Good for Anxiety, Depression, Bipolar Disorder
• Positive Reinforcement (Reinforcement): occurs when a behavior
(response) is followed by a stimulus that is rewarding, increasing the
frequency of that behavior.
• Negative Reinforcement (Escape): occurs when a behavior (response) is
followed by the removal of an aversive stimulus, thereby increasing that
behavior's frequency. Ex: Wife nags husband until he does something, then
the nagging stops.