Authoritarianism and totalitarianism

authoritarian dictatorships

Italy

The USSR

Germany

Factors

chain of command and comradeship

The war had aroused nationalist feeling

The power of the state increased with state intervention in economy and society during the crisis of 1929

New parties were formed that represented the working masses

common characteristics

totalitarian regimes

Politics

Foreign policy

Economy

Society

anti-democratic government

the state intervened in and controlled the economy

regimes pursued an expansionist foreign policy

almost all the classes of society supported the regime because they were controlled and informed by the state

Methods used by authoritarian and totalitarian regimes to safeguard their power

Propaganda

Culture

A policy of repression

Violence

through the press, radio and posters

controlled by the state

was used by the army and paramilitary groups

used secret police

DEMOCRACIES AND AUTHORITARIAN REGIMES IN THE INTER-WAR YEARS

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN AUTHORITARIAN IDEOLOGIES

Right-wing authoritarian regimes came to power in Germany and Italy

A left-wing totalitarian regime came to power in the USSR

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN DEMOCRACIES AND AUTHORITARIAN REGIMES

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THE USSR: STALINISM

1924, Joseph Stalin eliminated all possible political rivals and took control of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

political power

held by Stalin

Constitution of 1936

CPSU as the only political party

Komintern (Third International)

The economy

five-year plans

collectivisation of land

Kolkhoz

Sovkhoz

nationalisation of existing industries

hydraulic works

social equality

Propaganda and repression

saviour of patriotism

purges

ITALIAN FASCISM

Benito Mussolini in Italy when he became head of the government in 1922

combat groups (Blackshirts)

In politics

1926, he transferred all power to himself

Mussolini's social policies

economy

put an end to the unrest because he removed workers' rights

NAZI GERMANY

Nazism was the system of dictatorship established by Adolf Hitler

Third Reich

foreign policy

expansionist policy

great economic development

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