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Jon - Refractories - Coggle Diagram
Jon - Refractories
Types of Refractory
Acidic
Fireclay
25-45% Al2O3
50-80% SiO2
Regenerators,ovens, kilns
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Neutral
High Alumina
45-95% Al2O3
High refractoriness, good resistance to slag and spalling, good load bearing capacity
Silicon Carbide
85% SiC
High thermal conductivity, refractoriness and resistance to thermal spalling. Inert to acid slags
Blast Furnace
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Hotter at the bottom and must withstand loading of ore, limestone and coke
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Basic oxygen making
Refractory lining exposed to impact, abrasion and thermal shock
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Glass Furnaces
Materials in one end, heated using glass flames or electricity
Flows into throat (ensures only melted glass flows) into working end where it cools to right temp and viscovity for extraction and secondary forming
Cement Kiln
Mixture of finely ground clay sand and limestone heated to 1450C. Forms cement clinker, this si then extracetd, cooled and ground to form cement powder :building_construction:
Rotary kilns lined with either bricks or castables (powders mixed with water, pumped onto surface and cured)
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Castable linings are patchable, down time is minimal
Refractory Trends
Main drivers are to:
- Reduce costs :moneybag:
- Increase lining life
Research is focused on:
- Higher quality refractories especially for critical applications (cost more but last longer
- Superior repair methods e.g. slag splashing using blown nitrogen or gunning
Monolithic refractories (use of refractory concretes
Must resist:
- High temp
- Chemical attack
- Molten metal and slag erosion
- Thermal shock
- Physical impact
- Catalytic heat
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