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Representations of the Environment, Stone argues that we have precedent…

- - - - Critiques
        
        Wilderness as Activity
        
        Wilderness as Virgin/Uninhabited
        
        Wilderness as Sublime
        
        The Myth of the Frontier
    - - "Descriptions of humanity as 'rivaling the great forces of Nature,' 'elemental,' 'a geological and morphological force,' 'a force of nature reshaping the planet on a geological scale,' and the like, are standard in the Anthropocene literature and its popular spinoffs. The veracity of this framing of humanity's impact renders it incontestable"
      - Both Crist and Guha discuss the naming and consideration of human's involvement in history as the Anthropocene and if it is truly productive to the world's environmental movements.
    - - Trans-corporeality
    - - Houser focuses on the ways that artists use a variety of tools and methods of analysis in order to make this information more widely available and, "artists assume responsibility for depicting environmental crises as also crises of knowledge."
      - Making Data Experiential
      - "Climate model visualizations...make data experiential and position viewers between states of mastery and humility, control and failure...[this] amplifies Toller's point that "wisdon is holding two contradictory truths in our mind, simutaneously."
    - - Where is the Climate Crisis Represented?
        
        Shown consistently to be a Euro-American-centric issue while Asia is one of the largest contributors of carbon emissons.
        
        "Industrialization comes about through a process of technological diffusion that radiates out of the West."
      - Modernity and Progress
        
        Ghosh makes the argument that representations of how 'progress' expanded to the non-Western world are often flawed: "Modernity was not a 'virus' that spread from the West to the rest of the world. It was rather a 'global and conjectural phenomenon."
    - - Utilitarian Vision
      - Ecological VIsion
      - Romantic Vision
      - Providential Vision
      - Politics and the Environmental Crisis
    - - “Here, the enjoyment of nature is an integral part of the consumer society. The private automobile (and the lifestyle it has spawned) is in many respects the ultimate ecological villain, and an untouched wilderness the prototype of ecological harmony; yet, for most Americans it is perfectly consistent to drive a thousand miles to spend a holiday in a national park.”
      - Shifting from "anthropcentric" to "biocentric" ideology: Preserving nature, the deep ecologists say, has an intrinsic worth quite apart from any benefits preservation may convey to future human generations.
  - - - “The stateless and the minorities…had no governments to represent and to protect them”
      - What qualifies as being deprived of ones rights?
      - Exit West discusses themes of placelessness and the rights of placeless people, drawing from Arendt's ideas about the underrepresentation of groups. His idea that every refugee would receive, "forty meters and a pipe," stems from Reconstruction era ideas of each previously enslaved person receiving 'forty acres and a mule.' Making this comparison brings up ideas of false promises and not truly inviting people into the space you call home, giving them a little, but never enough, never truly representing them
    - - "Representing" the Environment
    - - How Are We Representing the Crisis?
      - Who Represents the Poor?
    - - Both Cronon and Liboiron discuss the ways that colonialist perspectives have shaped the ways that we destroy and interact with land/nature.
      - The word “crisis” has “become a counterrevolutionary idiom in the twenty-first century, a means of stabilizing an existing condition rather than minimizing forms of violence”
      - "Focus on colonialism, rather than its effects" This idea is key to understanding how Liboiron wishes to represent the environment. They argue that we must move towards representing the oppressor not the oppressed in order to discover the true root of the environmental problem.
      - “Colonialism, first, foremost, and always, is about the land.” This idea centers the actual effected space, while focusing on its colonized nature and the ways that colonialism is framed.
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                        WHAT’S YR NATIONALITY!?!? This guy shouts at me during drag queen karaoke at this gay bar two stops down the line.

                     In order to talk about a hurricane, you first have to talk about a preexisting disturbance over the ocean, so you have to talk about mean ocean temperature, so you have to talk about human industry and sun rays, so you have to talk about helium, so did you know helium was named for the sun god Helios and was defined by a gap in the solar spectrum so literally not itself but what surrounded it, so of course we have to talk about the solar system, the Milky Way, the networks of universe and the Big Bang.