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Enzymes - Coggle Diagram

- - - - catabolic
        
        The breaking down of larger organic molecules is required so useful molecules
      - Anabolic
        
        The building up of large complex polymers required for organisms to grow and create new ones
    - - In the small intestine, maltase breaks the maltose into glucose
      - In the mouth amylase breaks down starch into maltose. Amylase is produced by the pancreas and also the salivary glands
  - - - Intracellular
        
        Catalase is an example of an intracellular enzymes which catalyses the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide in cells
        
        The products are water and oxygen
        
        Enzymes working inside cells
      - extracellular
        
        Enzymes working outside of cells in blood vessels, digestive system etc
        
        Single celled organisms rely on extracellular enzymes to break down substrates in their environment to be able to absorb the smaller products
  - - - active site is complementary to the substrate
      - when the active site and the enzyme are bound an enzyme-substrate complex is formed this becomes a enzyme-product complex
      - the active site will interact with the substrate and put pressure on the bonds
    - - the shape of the active site changes shape to fit the substrate as it enters
      - modified version of the lock and key theory
      - induces changes in the tertiary structure by putting strain on the bonds which lowers the activation energy
- - - - temperatures to high break the bond holding together the active site causing the active site to change shape and no linger be complementary to the substrate (irreversible)
    - - the temperature at which the enzymes have the highest rate of activity
      - below the optimum temperature the enzymes don't denature they are just less active
    - - enzymes that live in extreme conditions have more bonds in their tertiary structure to stop the actives site changing so easily