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Madagascar under Imperialism, A.K.A.:
The Colony of Madagascar and…
Madagascar under Imperialism, A.K.A.:
The Colony of Madagascar and Dependencies (French: Colonie de Madagascar et dépendances)
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What are three names (people, organizations) that were important when Madagascar when it was ruled by France?
Queen Ranavalona III
- Last sovereign of the kingdom of Madagascar
- Ruled from 1883 to 1897
- Attempted to avoid colonisation throughout her rule by strengthening trade and diplomatic relations with foreign powers.
- Refused to accept a protectorate treaty from France, causing the French invasion to occur.
- In 1895, however, the royal palace was captured by the French as a result of French attacks on coastal port towns and an assault on the capital city of Antananarivo.
- Would rule only as a symbolic figurehead after signing a treaty recognizing the protectorate, until 1897, when she was exiled.
Jean Ralaimongo
- was born in 1885 as a pastor in Madagascar.
- initially an assimilationist and strived for equitable distribution of power.
- former activist of French League for native Malagasies' citizenship rights.
- launched a campaign in the press to give the Malagasy “subjects” French citizenship and to make Madagascar a French “département”, thus making it part of France
- however, he then became increasingly militant, enticed by anti-colonialist ideas of the Communist Third International.
- became leader of "Vy Vato Sakelika", a secret society which inspired rebellion against french colonialism.
General Joseph-Simon Gallieni
- was born on April 24, 1849.
- was named governor of French Sudan after
- appointed first as a military commander
- pacified monarchist forces and the "Red Togas" insurgencies in the Kingdom of Imerina, where armed guerilla bands defied French authority.
- overpowered the oligarchy and exiled the queen on February 27, 1897.
- appointed as governor-general after.
- was a humane colonial master who, rather than think of himself as superior to the indigenous people, had paternalistic regard for them.
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Perspectives
The Malagasy people
- Note that there are people who are for (assimilationists) and against (militant) colonialism, like Jean Ralaimongo, who used to be for but now against. Some Malagasies may have seen it as ousting their monarchy and a disruption of their own culture.
The French people
- The French themselves may have seen it more as living with the Malagasy people in harmony rather than a typical "teaching natives how it's done" colonialism mindset. General Joseph-Simon Gallieni generally was said to have treated these people well and respected them.
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