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The Boston Tea Party - Coggle Diagram
The Boston Tea Party
Cause 1: The French and Indian War
Conflict of disputed land in the Ohio Valley
Treaty of Paris
Theatre of the Seven Years War
The Seven Years War
Impact
British
Economic cost of war. Looked to re-coup cost with taxation
Gains control of Ohio Valley. English leadership grew increasingly resentful of colonists.
American colonists
Became increasingly united against common foe
Gained representation at the Albany Congress
Formed militia for defence
Made to pay for war through taxation
French
Economic cost. Lost Quebec and Montreal. Weakened the monarchy
Alliance with Native Americans
Native American / Indian
Lost land to the British
Chose the losing side
Battle of Duquesne
The Turning Point
George Washington
Consequence 3: Declaration of Independence
The Second Continental Congress
Delegates of all 13 colonies meet to direct war effort and develop a system of government to replace British rule.
Congress issues the Declaration of Independence July 4th 1776
Congress assumes normal functions of government, issues paper currency and raises the Continental Army
George Washington leads the Continental Army
Congress issues the Declaration of Independence July 4th 1776
What it says
Preamble “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of happiness.”
List of Grievances. 27 complaints against King George III
Resolution of Independence. “That these United Colonies are, and of Right ought to be Free and Independent States.”
Declaration designed for multiple audiences: King, colonists, the world
Background to the Revolution
The 13 Colonies
The Colombian Exchange
Native American population
The Slave Trade
Boston Tea Party details
Direct response to British taxation in the colonies
Tea Act May 1773 granted East India Company monopoly
Colonial tea merchants protested
Willful destruction of 342 crates
of British Tea in Boston Harbour
Around 115 Bostonians took part, some disguised as Native Americans
10 thousand pounds sterling in losses (1.7 million in todays terms)
December 16 1773
British respond harshly
Cause 2: Taxation without representation
The Stamp Act 1765
First attempt to tax colonists to raise revenue
All printing to be done on stamped paper from London, bought with British hard currency
Mobilized colonist opposition to British rule
Stamp Act Congress October 1765
Act repealed March 1766
Taxes in colonies
The Sugar Act 1764
The Townshend Acts 1767
The Plantation Duty Act 1673
The Tea Act 1773
The Navigation Acts 1651, 1660, 1663
Pontiac's Uprising
Royal Proclamation 1763
Consequence 1: Intolerable Acts
Acts aimed to isolate Boston, as the seat of most anti-British sentiment.
Colonists respond with the First Continental Congress
Declaration of Colonial Rights and Grievances issued October 14 1774
Delegates from the colonies met in Philadelphia to support Boston
Agreement to ban importation of British goods, disagreement on banning export of good to Britain
At this time did not refute loyalty to Britain, although some of the more radical members were talking war and the need for independance.
British Parliament pass the Coercive Acts in 1774, quickly become known as the Intolerable Acts
Massachusetts Government Act
Administration of Justice Act
Boston Port Act
Quartering Act
The Quebec Act
Consequence 2: Lexington and Concord April 1775
Battle of Lexington
British aimed to march to Lexington and on to Concord to seize patriots' weapons
Conflict begins before daybreak 19 April, as a small group of minutemen met the advancing British.
Commotion leads to an unknown shot being fired (the shot heard around the world). Conflict is short, minutemen quickly fled and 8 colonists were killed.
Battle of Concord
Search finds some weapons, which are destroyed
Patriot militia grows to 400 people just outside of town
British march to find military supplies hidden by revolutionaries
The minutemen march into town and meet the 800 British soldiers. Volleys of shots are fired, and the British retreat to Lexington to await reinforcements
British are forced to retreat back to Boston, and are targeted the whole way, eventually causing 300 casualties and 73 deaths.
The Midnight Ride
Paul Revere's famous ride to warn that the Brish were coming April 18 1775
Revere rides to Lexington to warn John Hancock and Samuel Adams
Cause 3: Conflict in Boston
The Boston Massacre
Occupied by British troops (1 in 3 a Redcoat)
March 5th, 1770 skirmish turns violent leading to 5 deaths
Boston a hotbed of revolutionary activity
Crispus Attucks considered first casualty of the revolution
Sons of Liberty
Met under the Liberty Tree
Members include Samuel Adams, Paul Revere, John Hancock, Patrick Henry, Joseph Warren
Believed to have started 1765, in Boston, in response to Stamp Act
Motto "No taxation without representation"