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Restricted water intake with more than 2% dietary salt level causing…
Restricted water intake with more than 2% dietary salt level causing hyperosmolarity or hypernatremia
Elevated plasma levels of sodium and chloride
Water supply is replenished after a period of restriction causing a "rapid" hypernatremic to normonatremic or hyponatremic shift
Initial hypernatremic phase (acute response)
Brain " shrinks" due to osmotic loss of water
Sodium level in the blood becomes abnormally high when water loss exceeds sodium loss
Influx of sodium, potassium and chloride ions into the brain (beginning within minutes after osmotic loss of water) as attempt to equalize sodium imbalance
Animal exhibits thirst, anorexia and constipation
Inhibit anaerobic glycolysis
Animal given free access to fresh water after a sufficient duration of water deprivation
Influx or endogenous production of organic osmolytes (certain amino acids, polyols and methylamines) in attempt to equalize the osmotic imbalance created by hypernatremia
Osmotic differential cannot be equalized quickly enough
Water enters the brain which causes edema
Astrocyte swelling
Degeneration
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