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Characteristics and Classification of living organisms - Coggle Diagram
Characteristics and Classification of living organisms
7 Characteristics of an Living Organism
Nutrition
The intake and use of nutrients. This occurs in very different ways in different kinds of living things.
Respiration
Respiration is a chemical reaction that happens within cells to release energy from food.
Excretion
getting rid or toxic and unwanted substance from their bodies
Sensitivity
Ability to detect changes in the surrounding environment
Growth
Ability to grow
Movement
Are able to move from point to another
Reproduction
The ability to reproduce and pass genetic information onto their offspring.
IMPORTANCE OF CLASSIFICATION
To identify most at risk of extinction. Strategize to conserve. Apart from beauty and diversity we might extinct a source of drugs from plants.
To understand evolutionary relationships
Learning anatomy of different groups of vertebrates we get insight into evolution
Binomial System
Binomial means ‘two names’; the first name gives the genus and the second gives the
species.
For example, human beings belong to the genus Homo, and our species is sapiens - so the scientific name is Homo sapiens.
Applications
Helps in identifying organisms universally
Dichotomous Key
Dichotomous keys are used to identify unfamiliar organisms.
They simplify the process of identification. Each key is made up of pairs of contrasting features
(dichotomous means two branches), starting with quite general characteristics and progressing to more specific ones
By following the key and making appropriate choices it is possible to identify the organism correctly
Classification of plants
https://www.guyhowto.com/classification-system-of-plants/
Examples
Ferns
Ferns are land plants with quite highly developed structures.
Their stems, leaves and roots are very similar to those of the flowering plants.
The stem is usually entirely below ground and takes the form of a structure called a rhizome.
In bracken, the rhizome grows horizontally below ground, sending up leaves at intervals.
The roots which grow from the rhizome are called adventitious roots
Ferns also have multicellular roots with vascular tissue.
Ferns produce gametes but no seeds. The zygote gives rise to the fern plant, which then produces single-celled spores from numerous sporangia (spore capsules) on its leaves.
The sporangia are formed on the lower side of the leaf but their position depends on the species of fern. The sporangia are usually arranged in compact groups
Angiosperms
Plants that reproduce using pollination
Also Flowering plants
Flowering plants are divided into two subclasses: monocotyledons and dicotyledons.
Monocotyledons (monocots for short), are flowering plants which have only one cotyledon in their seeds.
The dicotyledons (dicots for short), have two cotyledons in their seeds. Their leaves are
usually broad and the leaf veins form a branching network
https://www.holganix.com/blog/monocots-vs-dicots-what-you-need-to-know
Not plants
Fungi
The fungi include organisms such as mushrooms, toadstools,
puffballs and the bracket fungi that grow on tree trunks
Mould fungi which grow on stale bread, cheese, fruit or other
food. Many of the mould fungi live in the soil or in dead wood.
Some fungal species are parasites, They live in other organisms,
particularly plants, where they cause diseases which can affect
crop plants, such as the mildew
Invertibrates
https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/0B3ckZqwGhHP9TzFwQTZXV1RDcXNtbVR2RzYzVUlVQ0c5X2pB/edit?usp=sharing&ouid=116723136112896802253&resourcekey=0-TEK9QgEfKhZFgDBP98IkbA&rtpof=true&sd=true