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Muscles of Mastication - Coggle Diagram
Muscles of Mastication
Temporal FossaDescribe the Temporal Fossa
- Temporal Fossa is the concave cavity of the Lateral Side of the Cranium
- Temporalis Muscle attaches to the Temporal Fossa
Describe the Temporal Fossa according to its Borders
- Temporal Fossa is marked by the following borders:
- Anterior Border is marked by the Frontal and Zygomatic Bone
- Lateral Border is marked by the Zygomatic Arch
- Inferior Border is marked by the Infratemporal Crest
- Posterior and Superior Border is marked by the Temporal Line
Infra-Temporal FossaList the contents of the Infratemporal Fossa
- Infratemporal Fossa contains the following:
- Inferior Part of the Temporalis Muscle
- Lateral and Medial Pterygoid Muscle
- Maxillary Artery
- Otic Ganglion
Describe the Boundaries of the Infratemporal Fossa
- Infratemporal Fossa is marked by the following boundaries:
- Anterior Boundary is marked by the Posterior Aspect of the Maxillary Bone
- Lateral Boundary is marked by the Ramus of Mandible
- Medial Boundary is marked by the Lateral Pterygoid Plate
- Posterior Boundary is marked by Mastoid and Styloid Process
- Roof is marked by the Greater Wing of the Sphenoid
Muscles of MasticationList the Muscles of Mastication
- Temporalis Muscle
- Superficial and Deep Masseter Muscle
- Medial and Lateral Pterygoid Muscle
Outline Blood Supply and Innervation of the Muscles of the Mastication
- Muscles of Mastication are supplied by the Branches of the Maxillary Artery
- Muscles of Mastication are supplied by the Mandibular Division of the Trigeminal Nerve (CN V3)
Temporo-Mandibular JointDescribe the Temporomandibular Joint according to its Articulating Surfaces, Ligaments, Movements and Neurovasculature
- Temporo-Mandibular Joint occurs between the Temporal Bone and the Mandible
- Temporo-Mandibular Joint has the following articular surfaces:
- Head of the Mandible
- Mandibular Fossa of the Temporal Bone
- Articular Tubercle of the Temporal Bone
- Temporo-Mandibular Joint has ligaments that assist with movement and stability known as:
- Lateral Ligament
- Lateral Ligament between the Zygomatic Arch and the Mandible
- Spheno-mandibular Ligament
- Between the Sphenoid Bone and the Mandible
- Stylo-Mandibular Ligament
- Between the Styloid Process and the Mandible
- Temporo-Mandibular Joint participates in movements such as:
- Elevation
- Depression
- Protraction
- Retraction
- Lateral Movements
- Temporo-Mandibular Joint is supplied by the Superficial Temporal Artery
- Temporo-Mandibular Joint is innervated by the Branches of the Mandibular Division of the Trigeminal nerve (CN V3):
- Auriculo-Temporal Branches
- Masseteric Branches
Dislocation of the Temporo-Mandibular JointDescribe the Dislocation of the Temporo-Mandibular Joint
- When your mouth is closed the Head of the Mandible articulates with the Mandibular Fossa of the Temporal Bone
- When your mouth is widely-opened the Head of the Mandible articulates with the Articular Tubercle of the Temporal Bone
- The Head of the Mandible shifts Anteriorly along the Mandibular Fossa
- This movement is facilitated by the Lateral Pterygoid Muscle
- Eventually, the Head of the Mandible will rest on the Articular Tubercle of the Temporal Bone
- During the dislocation of the Temporo-Mandibular Joint
- The Head of the Mandible does not articulate with the Mandibular Fossa of the Temporal bone or the Articular Tubercle of the Temporal Bone
- Head of the Mandible slips out of the Mandibular Fossa of the Temporal Bone
- This occurs when Yawning, Biting or Laughing
Movements of the MandibleList the Muscles involved in the different types of movements of the Mandible
- Elevation (Close the mouth) is facilitated by the following muscles:
- Temporalis Muscle
- Masseter Muscle
- Medial Pterygoid Muscle
- Depression (Widely open the mouth) is facilitated by the following muscles:
- Lateral Pterygoid
- Suprahyoid Muscle
- Infrahyoid Muscle
- Protraction is facilitated by the following muscles:
- Lateral and Medial Pterygoid Muscle
- Masseter Muscle
- Retraction is facilitated by the following muscles:
- Temporalis Muscle
- Masseter Muscle
- Lateral Movements (Chewing and Grinding) is facilitated by the following muscles:
- Temporalis Muscle of the SAME side
- Pterygoid Muscles of the OPPOSITE side
- Masseter Muscle
Oral RegionList the components of the Oral Region
- Oral Cavity (Mouth)
- Lips, Cheeks, and Gingivae
- Teeth
- Tongue
- Palate
- Salivary Glands
Oral Region: Oral Cavity (Mouth)
- Tasting, Chewing and Lingual manipulation of Food occurs in the Oral Cavity
Describe the characteristics of the Oral Cavity (Mouth)
- Oral Cavity is divided into two parts:
- Oral Vestibule
- Oral Cavity Proper
- Oral Vestibule
- Superior and Inferior Oral Vestibules are the slit-like spaces between the Teeth and the Gum, and the Lips and Cheeks
- Superior and Inferior Vestibules communicate with the exterior through the Oral Fissures
- The size of the Oral Fissures is controlled by the Peri-Oral Muscles
- Peri-Oral Muscles:
- Orbicularis Oris
- Levator and Depressor labii superioris
- Depressor Anguli oris
- Risorius
- Oral Cavity Proper
- Oral Cavity Proper is the space between the Upper and Lower Dental Arches
- Roof of the Oral Cavity Proper is formed by the Palate
Oral Region: Lips, Cheeks and GingivaDescribe the Characteristics of the Lips
- Lips are Musculofibrous Folds
- Lips extend between the Nasolabial Creases on either side of the Face
- Upper Lip and Lower Lip are separated by the Oral Fissure
- Philtrum, aka the Medial Cleft is a groove located in the midline superior to the Upper Lip
- Depression of Cupid's Bow is in line with the Philtrum
- Muscles that surround the Lips:
- Orbicularis Oris muscle
- Superior and Inferior Labial Muscles
Outline the Function of the Lips
- Lips function as the Valves of the Oral Fissure
Outline the Neurovasculature of the Lips
- Neurovasculature of the Lips is divided according of the Upper and Lower Lip
- Upper Lip is supplied by the Superior Branch of the Facial Artery
- Lower Lip is supplied by the Inferior Branch of the Facial Artery
- Upper Lip is innervated by the Branches of Maxillary Division of the Trigeminal Nerve (CN V2)
- Lower Lip is supplied by the Branches of the Mandibular Division of the Trigeminal Nerve (CN V3)
Oral Region: CheeksOutline the Structures which make up the Boundaries of the Cheeks
- Cheeks have the following Boundaries:
- Anterior Border of the Cheeks is marked by the Oral Vestibule and Mental Region
- Posterior Border is marked by the Parotid Gland
- Superior Border which is marked by the Zygomatic Arch
- Inferior Border which is marked by the Inferior Border of the mandible
- Buccinator Muscle is the Principle Muscle of the Cheeks
Outline the Neurovasculature of the Cheeks
- Cheeks are supplied by the Buccal Branch of the Maxillary Artery
- Cheeks are innervated by the Buccal Branch of the Mandibular Division of the Trigeminal Nerve (CN V3)
Oral Region: Oral Gingivae (Gum)Describe the features of the Oral Gingivae (Gums)
- Gingivae (Gums) is made up of the following structures:
- Gingivae Proper (Attached Gingivae)
- Alveolar Mucosa (Unattached Gingivae)
- Gingivae Proper and Alveolar Mucosa are separated by the Mucogingival Junction
- Gingivae Proper
- Gingivae Proper is known as the Attached Gingivae
- Gingivae Proper is made up of Anterior and Posterior surfaces:
- Maxillary and Mandibular Labial Gingivae
- Maxillary and Mandibular Gingivae are adjacent to the Lips and Cheeks
- Superior and Inferior Lingual Gingivae
- Superior and Inferior Lingual Gingivae are adjacent to the Tongue
- Alveolar Mucosa
- Alveolar Mucosa is also known as the Unattached Gingivae
- Alveolar Mucosa is a non-keratinised area
Outline the Neurovasculature of the Oral Gingivae (Gums)
- Oral Gingivae are supplied by the Alveolar Branches of the Maxillary Artery
- Oral Gingivae are innervated by the Branches of the Mandibular Division of the Trigeminal nerve (CN V3)
Oral Region: TeethList the Types and Quantity of Teeth
- Teeth are arranges in the following combination from the Anterior to Posterior
- Incisors
- Canines
- Pre-Molars
- Molars
- Adult have Permanent Teeth
- Children have Deciduous Teeth
- Formula of the Number of Teeth differs between Adults and Children
- Adults have 32 Permanent Teeth arranged as follows:
- 2 (4) Incisors
- 1 (4) Canines
- 2 (4) Pre-Molars
- 3 (4) Molars
- Children have 20 Deciduous Teeth
Outline the Neurovasculature of Teeth
- Teeth are supplied by the Superior and Inferior Alveolar Branches of the Maxillary Artery
- Teeth in the Maxilla are innervated by the Branches of the Maxillary Division of the Trigeminal Nerve (CN V2)
- Teeth in the Mandible are innervated by Branches of the Mandibular Division of the Trigeminal Nerve (CN V3)
Oral Region: TeethDescribe the Structure of different types of Teeth
- Teeth firmly rooted in the Sockets form Alveolar Processes
- There are two types of Alveolar Processes depending on the Bone they are rooted in:
- Maxillary Alveolar Processes
- Mandibular Alveolar Processes
- Structure of the Teeth is divided into three parts:
- Crown
- Crown is located above the surface of the Gums
- Neck
- Neck is found above and below the surface of the Gums
- Root
- Root are firmly housed in the Alveolar Processes
- Each Tooth has the following layout:
- Outer Enamel layer
- Outer Enamel Layer occurs in the Crown Region
- Outer Enamel Layer surrounds the Dentine
- Molar Tooth have a larger Enamel Layer than Incisor Tooth
- Dentine Layer
- Dentine Layer occurs throughout the Tooth
- Outer Cement layer
- Outer Cement Layer occurs in the Neck and Root Region
- Outer Cement Layer covers the Inner Dentine Layer in the Neck and Root Region
- Pulp Cavity
- Pulp Cavity can be located in the Crown and Neck Region
- Pulp Cavity contains the Blood Vessels and Nerves
- Root Canal
- Root canal is located in the Root Region
- Blood Vessels and Nerves will then carry on from the Pulp cavity to the Root Canal
- Apical Foramen
- Apical Foramen is located in the Root
- Apical Foramen is also known as the Root Foramen
- Blood Vessels and Nerves will then exit the Tooth via the Apical Foramen
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TongueOutline the features of the Tongue
- Apex
- Body
- Root
- Tongue has two distinct surfaces:
- Dorsal Surface
- Ventral Surface
Described the characteristics of the Tongue Surface
- Tongue has two main surfaces: Dorsal Surface and the Ventral Surface
- Dorsal Surface is divided into the:
- Anterior (Pre-Sulcal) Part (Part of the Body)
- Posterior (Post-Sulcal) Part (Part of the Root)
- Anterior (Pre-Sulcal) part and the Posterior (Post-Sulcal) part is divided by the Sulcus Terminalis
- Sulcus Terminalis is a V-Shaped Groove
- In the middle of the Sulcus Terminalis is the Foramen Caecum
Dorsal and Ventral Surfaces of the TongueOutline the Features of the Dorsal and Ventral Surfaces of the Tongue
- Dorsal Surface of the Tongue has 4 Kinds of Papillae:
- Fungiform
- Fungiform are mushroom-shaped Papillae
- Fungiform are located Anteriorly at the Apex of the Tongue
- Filiform
- Filiform are long Papillae
- Filiform form the most of the Dorsal Papillae
- Filiform are located behind the Fungiform Papillae
- Vallate
- Vallate are large Papillae
- Vallate are located between the Filiform and Foliate Papillae
- Foliate
- Foliate Papillae are poorly developed in humans
- Foliate are located Posteriorly
- Ventral Surface is smooth
- Ventral Surface rests against the Floor of the Mouth
Muscles of the TongueList the Muscles of the Tongue
- Tongue has two groups of muscles:
- Extrinsic Muscles
- Intrinsic Muscles
- Extrinsic Muscles change the Position of the Tongue
- Intrinsic Muscles change the Shape of the Tongue
- Extrinsic Muscles of the Tongue include:
- Palatoglossus Muscle
- From the Soft Palate to the Tongue
- Styloglossus Muscle
- From the Styloid Process to the Tongue
- Hyoglossus Muscle
- From the Hyoid Bone to the Tongue
- Genioglossus Muscle
- From the Mandible to the Tongue
- Intrinsic Muscle of the Tongue include:
- Superior and Inferior Longitudinal Muscles
- Superior and Inferior Longitudinal Muscles run the entire length of the Tongue
- Parallel to the Dorsal Surface of the Tongue
- Transverse Muscles
- Transverse Muscles run across the Tongue along the Lateral Aspects of the Tongue
- Vertical Muscles
- Vertical Muscles run from the Dorsal Surface to the ventral Surface of the Tongue
Outline the Neurovasculature of the Muscles of the Tongue
- Palatoglossus Muscle is innervated by the Pharyngeal Branch of Vagus Nerve (CN X)
- All the other muscles are innervated by the Hypoglossal Nerve (CN 12)
Neurovasculature of the TongueDescribe the Neurovasculature of the Tongue
- Entire Tongue is supplied by the Lingual Artery which is a Branch of the External carotid Artery
- Sensory Innervation to the Anterior 2/3 of the Tongue is as follows:
- General Sensation (Hot, Cold, Pain) is supplied by the Lingual Nerve
- Lingual Nerve is a Branch of the Mandibular Division of the Trigeminal Nerve (CN V3)
- Special Sensation (Taste) is supplied by the Chorda Tympani
- Chorda Tympani is a Branch of the Cranial Nerve 7 (Facial Nerve)
- Sensory Innervation of the Posterior 1/3 of the Tongue is as follows:
- General Sensation (Hot, Col, Pain) is supplied by the Hypoglossal Nerve (CN 9)
- Special Sensation (Taste) is supplied by the Vagus Nerve (CN X)
Salivary GlandsList the types of Salivary Glands
- There are three types of Salivary Glands:
- Parotid Gland
- Submandibular Gland
- Sublingual Gland
List the Functions of the Salivary Glands
- Salivary Glands are responsible for the following:
- Keep the mucous membrane moist
- Lubricate food
- Begin digestion of starches
- Intrinsic Mouth Wash
- Play a role in taste and prevention of tooth decay
Parotid GlandOutline the features of the Parotid Gland
- Parotid Gland is the largest salivary gland
- Parotid Gland is an important landmark when dissecting
- Crucial Structures pass through the Parotid Gland:
- External Carotid Artery
- Retromandibular Vein
- Facial Nerve/CN 7 (Parotid Plexus)
- Parotid Duct pieces the Buccinator Muscle
- And enters the Oral Cavity opposite the 2nd Maxillary Molar Tooth
Submandibular and Sublingual Salivary GlandsOutline the Features of Submandibular and Sublingual Glands
- Submandibular gland is located along the body of the Mandible and deep to the Mylohyoid Muscle
- Sublingual gland is the smallest salivary gland
- Sublingual Gland is located in the Floor of the Mouth
- Between the Mandible and the Genioglossus Muscle
Cleft LipList the types of Palates
- Unilateral Cleft lips
- Bilateral Cleft Lip