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Elyza Vivar per.5 Digestive & Urinary System - Coggle Diagram
Elyza Vivar per.5 Digestive & Urinary System
Major functions of the digestive system
Breaks down food
Absorbs food
helps excrete wastes
Gets rid of solid waste
Major functions of the urinary system
Gets rid of liquid wastes
filters salts and wastes
Helps maintain water and electrolytes
Regulates pH
Helps control red blood cell production and blood pressure
Major organs of the digestive system
Mouth
- Teeth chew and break the food apart, tongue moves the food around; saliva also helps break down some molecules
Salivary Glands
- secretes saliva to help add moisture and to break down some molecules
Pharynx
- Cavity behind the mouth
Esophagus
- straight collapsible food passageway leading to stomach
Liver
- Filters the blood and secretes bile
Gallbladder
- Stores bile
Stomach
- Mixes food and begins digestion
Pancreas
-secretes pancreatic juice and enzymes
Small intestine
- Receives chyme from stomach, finishes digestion, and absorbs the nutrients
Large Intestine
- Absorbs water and electrolytes
Rectum
- The canal from the Large intestine and the anus
Anus
- The exit that waste comes out from
Major organs of the urinary systems
Kidney
- Filters the blood
Ureter
- transport urine from kidneys to bladder
Urinary Bladder
-stores urine
Urethra- conveys urine to the outside of the body
Digestive enzymes (including names and functions)
Pepsinogen
- chief cells of the gastric glands -- Inactive form of pepsin
Pepsin
- Formed from pepsinogen in the presence of hydrochloric acid-- Protein splitting enzyme that digests nearly all types of dietary protein into polypeptides
Hydrochloric
- parietal cells of the gastric glands-- provides the acid environment needed for the production & action of pepsin
Mucus
- Mucus cells-- provides a viscous, alkaline protective layer on the stomachs inner surface
Intristic Factor
- Parietal cells of the gastric glands-- Necessary for vitamin b12 absorption in the small intestine
Pancreatic amylase
- Breaks down starch into disaccharides
Pancreatic lipase
- Breaks down triglycerides to glycerol & fatty acids
Proterolytic Enzymes:
Trypsin, Chymotrypsin, & Carboxypeptidase
- each split certain bonds between amino acids, to break down proteins to dipeptides
Peptidases
- Break down dipeptides to amino acides
Sucrase, Maltasem & Lactose
- Break down disaccharides to monosaccharides
Intestinal lipase
- Breaksdown triglycerides to fatty acids and glycerol
Layers of the GI tract
Mucosa
- inner layer of the wall, surrounds the lumen of the tube
Submucosa
- Lies under mucosa, nourishes surrounding layers, vessels transports absorbed nutrients away from digestive organs
Muscularis
- Consists of 2 layers, propels food through the canal
Serosa
- Outer serous layer, or visceral peritoneum, protects underlying tissue, & secretes serous fluid to reduce friction between organs
Nephron anatomy and physiology
Glomerulus
- filtration of water and disolved substances from plasma
Glomerular Capsule
- cup-shaped sac that receives filtrate, expanded end of a renal tube; recipient glomerular filtrate
Proximal convoluted tubule
- reabsorption of glucose: amino acids & hydrogen
Descending Limb
- Reabsorption water
Nephron Loop
-
Ascending limb
- Reabsorption of sodium, potassium & chloride ions
Distal convoluted tubule
- Absorption of sodium, water, and hydrogen
Collecting Duct
- Reabsorption of water
Nephron
- Unit of kidney, can produce urine independently
Disorders
Urinary systems
Bladder Cancer
- When your body cells grow out of control
Smoking, workspace chemicals, radiation; blood in urine, back pain, frequent & urgent urination; chemotherapy, surgery, & imunotherapy
Urinary tract infection
- The abnormal growth of bacteria anywhere along the urinary tract
Menopausal women, pregnant women, sexually active woman; burning urination, cloudy urine, back pain, blood in urine; oral antibiotic pills, consuming probiotics, & sterilizing pills
Kidney Stones
- High levels of minerals & salts
Obesity, weight loos surgery, drinking too much or drinking too little water; frequent urination, vomiting, dark or red urine; mediation & surgery
Digestive System
Cholecystitis
- Inflammation of the gallbladder
Blockage of gall duct by gallstones, digestive tumors, blockage of bile duct; Nausea, bloating, tender abdomen, Antibiotics, fasting, and cholecystectomy
Gastroesophageall
-Chronic disease where contents of the stomach move back into the esopahgus
Frequent acid reflux, Asthma, pregnancy; heartburn, dysphagia, sour taste; Medication, surgery, prescription medication
Inflammatory Bowel Disease
-Chronic Intestinal condition that causes inflammation to the digestive tract
genetics , environmental or immune; abdominal pain, cramping, diarrhea; medication, fluid replacement, & surgery
Peptic Ulcers
- Sores that develop in the lining of the stomach or the duodenum
Bacterial infection, Alcohol abuse, excess acid production; heartburn, vomiting, bloody stool; lifestyle changes, medication, & endoscopic surgery
Colon diseases
Abnormal abdominal condition
Stress, hormonal, diet; constipation, diarrhea, bloating & gas; medication, diet, & lifestyle changes
Inflammed veins in the rectum or anus
Chronic diarrhea, pregnancy, hormonal; Anal pain, Bloating gas, feces leakage; Medication, surgical removal, & injections