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Easements - Coggle Diagram
Easements
Nature
Positive or negative
Legal or equitable
Duration s. 1(2)(a) LPA 1925
Grant or reservation
Essential characteristics (Re Ellenborough Park)
No common ownership
Accomodate the dominant tenement
Dominant and servant tenement
Capable to "lie in grant"
Granted by a capable grantor to a capable grantee
Reasonably exact description
Judicially recognised
Creation
Impled
Necessity
Common intention
Rule in Wheeldon v Burrows
Under s. 62 LPA 1925
Express
By deed s. 52 LPA 1925
Prescription
Doctrine of lost modern grant
Prescription Act 1832
At common law
Protection
Registered land
Implied easements are overriding provided:
Obvious upon reasonable inspection
Exercised in last 12 months
Buyer has actual notice of the easement
Equitable easements should be proceed by Notice on the Register
Express easements are registrable dispositions
Unregistered land
Legal easements bind the whole world
Equitable easements after 1926 Class D(iii) Land Charge
Equitable easements before 1926 doctrine of notice
Remedies
Mandatory injunction
Damages in lieu of injunction or in addition to it
Prohibitory injunction
Disqualifying factors
No additional expenditure
No permission
No exclusive possession
Moncrieff v Jamieson "possession and control"
Batcherlor v Marlow "ouster principle"