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Attitudes - Coggle Diagram
Attitudes
Formation
enduring across time/situations
Three component model
(Breckler, 1984)
cognitive
affective
behavioural
variable in strength/valence (pos/neg)
Not neutral observers!
Direct experience
Mere exposure hypothesis
Moreland & Beach, 1992
Conditioning
Classic
repeated pairing = association
Operant
own/other behaviour = pos/neg reinforcement
Indirect
vicarious Experience
Social Learning Theory
Caregivers/children
Allport IG Relations
Bem's 1972
Self-Perception Theory
Evaluate our own behaviour
assumes attitudes/behave without much thought
Automatic
implicit judgements
(Devine 1989)
unaware of automatic/implicit judgements
Cognitive dissonance
psychological tension produced by simultaneously having two opposing cognitions
predictor of behaviour?
LaPiere 1943
chinese-american
public attitude more likely to predict behaviour
TPB & Perceived Behavioural Control
Azjen 1991
subjective norms
behavioural attitudes 1
pbc
MODE model Fazio 1990
highly accessible attitude
frequency/strength
strong positive attitude towards greenpeace = donation (Holland et al 2002)
motivation & opportunity can overcome automatic attitude
Measures of attitudes
Indirect
more reliable? more what we really think?
physiological measures of facial muscles (EMG)
Automatic Associaition (IAT)
Greenwald et al 1998)
pairing 2 attitude concepts pos/neg
measured by RT
Oswald et al 2013
meta-analysis low correlations
impact of cognitive ability
impact of social learning &
implicit automatic conditioning
Traditional self-report
Likert scales
social desirability bias
easy, quick, cheap
implicit bias