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Investigate how climate change could change the prevalence of diseases and…
Investigate how climate change could change the prevalence of diseases and provide conditions for emerging infectious diseases
Malaria
Temperature
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where average temperatures are between 18 degrees Celsius and 40 degrees Celsius, the mosquitos take more blood meals and increase the number of eggs laid.
This increases the number of malaria vectors and the number of people who get bitten by the mosquito meaning the disease spreads faster in warmer temperatures.
When global temperatures increase due to climate change, more places will have optimum temperatures for mosquitos meaning that they can spread to new places and infect people who previously would have never been infected.
Rainfall
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increased rainfall would lead to a higher abundance of aquatic habitats where the mosquitos can develop.
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Humidity
Mean monthly relative humidity under 60% causes a shortened lifespan in malaria vector mosquitos, which results in low malaria transition rates.
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Increased humidity and droughts may also turn rivers into string of pools, the preferred breeding sits for mosquitos.
Influenza virus
Temperature
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it is known that transmission of the flu virus is most efficient at lower temperatures (5 degrees Celsius).
therefore if global warming continues, warm winters will become more common, and the impact of the flu will likely be more heavily felt.
Rainfall
it is suggested that extreme precipitation events lead to increases cases of the flu in temperate areas
this increased frequency of extreme weather events through climate change will therefore increase the spread of influenza in the future.
Humidity
the transmission of the flu virus is most efficient when atmospheric humidity is low (most often in winter)
high humidity leads to a loss of infectious influenza virus from coughs therefore climate change will likely lead to a reduction in the spread of influenza.
Chagus disease
Temperature
chagas disease is a tropical parasitic disease spread by insects known as Triatomine or "kissing bugs".
due to it being a tropical parasite, the disease thrives in hot water (a study showed that at 30 degrees Celsius the kissing bug's ability to reproduce and the number of infective forms of the parasite both increased)
therefore an increase in temperature used by climate change would allow the disease to spread to new areas which previously didn't have a tropical climate.
Rainfall
The kissing bug is usually found in dry environments meaning they prefer to live in areas with little rainfall.
if temperatures increase, more areas may dry up and become favourable habitats for the vector meaning that the disease may more likely spread there.
however it is also true that in other places,
Influences of increases in temperature/rainfall/humidity on the geographical range of vector-borne diseases
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Infleunces of increases in temperature/rainfall/humidity on the frequency and intensity of influenza virus
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