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Chemistry and our environment - Coggle Diagram
Chemistry and our environment
Atmosphere
our atmosphere now 21% oxygen
78% nitrogen
early volcanic atmosphere: methane (CH4)
carbon dioxide (CO2) ammonia (NH3)
steam (H2O)
atomic structure
electrons (–)
neutrons
protons (+)
z = atomic number
number of protons and electrons
a = atomic mass
number of protons + number of neutrons
6s
5s 5p
4s 4p 4d 4f
3s 3p 3d
2s 2p
1s
orbital s: 2 electrons
orbital p: 6 electrons
orbital d: 10 electrons
orbital f: 14 electrons
Photosynthesis
6CO2 + 6H2O ––––> C6H12O6 + 6O2
carbon dioxide + water ––> glucose + oxygen
Acid rain
Acid rain is a form of air pollution where harmful gases combine with oxygen and water in the atmosphere. These harmful gases come from the burning of coal and other fossil fuels.
Acid rain has a low ph level, between 4-5, whereas normal water has a neutral ph level of 6.5-8.5.
Acid rain can really impact humans. Acid rain releases sulphur dioxide particles in the air which can cause chronic lung problems like asthma and bronchitis.
Acid rain can be very harmful to our environment, especially to the forests. Acid rain goes into the ground and destroys nutrients, such as magnesium and calcium, that trees need to survive
Acids and Bases
Acid:
acids are proton donors/electron acceptors.
they turn blue litmus to red.
sour In taste
pH ranges between 0 and 6
Bases:
bases are proton acceptors/electron donors
they turn red litmus blue
bitter In taste
pH ranges between 8 and 14
pH Indicator: a pH indicator is a chemical that has the ability to change colour when In contact with a different ph.
Polymers and plastic
A polymer is any of a class of natural or synthetic substances composed of very large molecules, which are multiples of simpler chemical units called monomers.
polymer examples:
nylon
polyester (PET)
polystyrene (PS)
polylactic acid (PLA)
biological polymers:
starch
cellulose
DNA
synthetic polymers:
nylon
polystyrene
kevlar
PE
PET
Pollutant gasses
Carbonic acid:
CO2 + H2O –> H2CO3
Sulphuric acid:
S + O2 –> SO2 + O2 + H2 –> SO3 + H2O
Nitrogen gasses:
N + O2 –> NO2 + H2O –> HNO3
States of matter
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Plasma (most common state of matter in the universe
Kinetic theory:
all mater Is composed by small particles
particles are
in constant motion
particles constantly collide with each other or with the walls of the container
Solid Liquid Gas
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temperature
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energy