Different types of assessments - Terry Lewis, Muhammad Qamar and Binyam Semere
Summative assessments - TL
Performance assessments - TL
What? - Summative assessments occur at the end of a learning cycle or at the end of the learning process. These can be set at the end of modules, the school year or the end of semester. They are nearly always graded.
How? - Some examples of summative assessments include tests, projects (solo or group), demonstrations, presentations and exams
Why? - The purpose of a summative assessment is to provide evidence of the degree to which a student has mastered the knowledge, understandings and skills of the unit. It is an evaluation after the course is completed and evaluates student mastery and achievements.
Assessment of, as, and for learning BS
"As" is used by students to monitor their own learning, ask questions and use a range of strategies to decide what they know and can do, and how to use assessment for new learning
"For" it involves teachers to use evidence about their students’ knowledge, understanding, and skills to inform their teaching
"Of" assists teachers to use evidence of student learning to assess achievement against outcomes and standards
References
What? - Performance assessments occur where student learning is assessed aligned to real world challenges. Tasks are beyond just memorizing curriculum content and use higher level thinking.
Why? - Situations of performance based assessments and learning are used when teachers prepare students for life outside school. Most jobs do not rely on essay and exam skills.
How? - Depending on the subject, courses can use 'trial runs' of tasks students would do in a working role. For example, law students can perform an argumentative debate over a case, media studies/film students can make a documentary film.
Formative assessment -MQ
Diagnostic Assessment -MQ
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What? - According to Popham (2011), formative assessment is a process that "involves the gathering and analysis of assessment-elicited evidence for the purpose of determining when and how to adjust instructional activities or learning tactics in order to achieve learning goals". It is more diagnostic than evaluative. It is used to monitor pupil learning style and ability, to provide ongoing feedback and allow educators to improve and adjust their teaching methods and for students to improve their learning. https://pdo.ascd.org/lmscourses/PD11OC117/media/DI-Assessment_M1_Reading_Assessment.pdf
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Why? - Formative assessment helps students identify their strengths and weaknesses and target areas that need work. It also helps educators and governors recognize where students are struggling and address problems immediately. At a school level, SMT and school leaders use this information to identify areas of strength and weakness across the institution, and to develop strategies for improvement.
How? - Formative assessment can be conducted in different ways. For example, it can be conducted in the form of portfolios, group projects, progress reports, class discussions, entry and exit tickets, short regular quizzes,
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What? - Diagnostic assessment is a form of pre-assessment that allows a teacher to determine students' individual strengths, weaknesses, knowledge, and skills prior to instruction. It is primarily used to diagnose student difficulties and to guide lesson and curriculum planning.
Why? - First, it allows teachers to plan meaningful and efficient instruction. When a teacher knows exactly what students know or don't know about a topic, he can focus lessons on the topics students still need to learn about rather than what they already know. Second, it provides information to individualize instruction. It may show a teacher that a small group of students needs additional instruction on a particular portion of a unit or course of study. Finally, it creates a baseline for assessing future learning. It shows both the teacher and the students what is known before instruction has occurred.
How? - Depending on subject diagnostic assessment can be conducted in different ways. For example, Language teacher can conduct it in the form of interview. Math teacher or science teacher can conduct it in the form of short quiz. Other possible forms of diagnostic assessment can be journal entries, student reflections, classroom discussions, graphic organizers etc.