Sinusitis
Definition
Causes
Clinical manifestations
Nursing management
Is the infection and the Inflammation of the paranasal sinuses.
Fever and chills
Headaches
Facial pains
Pain or numbness in the upper teeth
Discolored nasal discharge
Dripping of mucus discharge in the nasopharynx
Pathophysiology
Blockage of the ostia may also be due to allergies, head and facial injuries, or bony abnormalities.
The common cold.
Nasal and seasonal allergies, including allergies to mold.
Polyps (growths).
A deviated septum.
A weak immune system from illness or medications.
Sinusitis usually develops as a result of an upper respiratory tract infection.
Mucus produced by the sinuses is removed through small openings in the nose called ostia. In inflammation, there is oedema and increased production of mucus.
These serve to block the ostia and impair ciliary action. The mucus then accumulates in the sinus causing congestion, and with time the mucus becomes infected.
In order for a patient to be prevented from the progression of this disease she/he must
Steam inhalations, three to four times a day are recommended to loosen secretions and facilitate drainage
Apply local heat on the nose area to reduce oedema and pain and to help in liquefying the secretions
Prescribed antibiotics can be administered to manage infection
Decongestants in the form of nasal spray and drops and antihistaminics can be prescribed to reduce nasal oedema
A vaporiser or humidifier will prevent nasal crusting and will moisten secretions
Fluid intake should be encouraged to prevent possible dehydration