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Digestive & Urinary System- Alexis Gutierrez Per.2 - Coggle Diagram
Digestive & Urinary System- Alexis Gutierrez Per.2
Major Functions of the
Digestive System
mechanical and chemical breakdown of foods and
absorption of nutrients
Mechanical digestion- breaks down large pieces of food into
smaller ones
Chemical digestion- breaks down large nutrient molecules into smaller chemicals, by breaking chemical bonds
Major Functions of
the Urinary System
Filters salts & wastes from the blood
Helps maintain normal concentrations
of electrolytes & water
Regulates pH & body fluid volume
Helps control red blood cell
production & blood pressure
Major Organs of
the Digestive System
Mouth
Salivary glands- secrete saliva
Pharynx- passage way
Esophagus- tube that connects to stomach
Stomach- digestive takes place
Liver- makes bile
Gallbladder- stores bile
Pancreas- secretes enzymes
Small intestine- absorbs nutrients
Large intestine- absorbs water from chyme
Rectum- stores waste
Anus- exit for waste
Major Organs of
the Urinary Systems
Aorta
Renal artery- artery that connects to kidney from aorta
Kidney- bean shaped organ(2)
Ureter- tube that leads to urinary bladder from kidney(2)
Urinary bladder- stores urine
Urethra- tube that leads to the outside of body from urinary bladder
Renal vein- returns blood to inferior vena cava from kidney
Inferior vena cava- returns blood to heart
Digestive
Enzymes
Salivary Amylse- breaks down starch to disaccharides
Pepsin- begins protein digestion
Pancreatic Amylase- breaks down starch into disaccharides
Pancreatic Lipase- breaks down fats into fatty acids & glycerol
Proteolytic Enzymes- breaks down protein or partially digested proteins into peptides
Trypsin
Chymotrypsin
Carboxypeptidase
Nucleases- break down nucleic acids into nucleotides
Peptidase- brekas down peptides into amino acids
Sucrase, Maltase, Lactase- break down disaccharides ino monosaccharudes
Intestinal Lipase- breaks down fats into fatty acids & glycerol
Enterokinase- converts trypsinogen into trypsin
Location of Digestion & Absorption of Each Macromolecule
Large intestine
chyme, water, electrolytes
Small intestine
fructose, galactose, glucose
Stomach
chyme
Layers of the GI Tract
Mouth- first mechanical digestion
Pharynx- passage way; throat
Esophagus- tube; goes into stomach
Stomach- mechanical & chemical digestion
Small intestine- absorbs nutrients
Large intestine- absorbs water from chyme
Rectum- stored waste
Anus- exit of waste
Layers of wall
Mucosa- inner layer
Submucosa- lies under the mucosa
Muscularis- inner circular layer & outer longitudinal layer; propels food through canal
Serosa- outer layer or visceral peritoneum
Nephron Anatomy
& Physiology
Proximal
convoluted tubule- tubes nearest to glomerulus
Nephron
loop- consist of 2 limbs(Descending & Ascending limbs)
Distal
convoluted- tubes furthest from glomerulus
Collecting
duct- emptying into a minor calyx
Glomerular
capsule- surrounds glomerulus
Disorders of the Digestive
& Urinary Systems
Digestive
Cholecystitis
imflammation of the gall bladder; gallstones, diet, age; tender abdomen, sweating, nausea, vomiting, fever; medication, fasting, antibiotics
Gastroesophageal Reflux
Disease(GERD)
esophageal sphincter relaxes; weakened esophageal, obesity, pregnancy; chest pain, heart burn, dry cough, sore throat; medication, surgery
Imflammatory Bowel
Disease(IBD)
inflammation in digestive tract; unknown causes; abdominal pain, diarrhea, fever; medication, antibiotics, fluid, diet, surgery
Peptic Ulcers
sore, develop in lining of stomach; imbalance in gastric juices, stress, smoking; heart burn, chest pain, nausea, vomiting, bloating; medication, surgery
Colon
Diseases
Polyps
growths; age, diet, heredity; change in bowel movements, bloody stool, constipation; no treatment, surgical removal
Hemorrhoids
imflamed veins in the rectum or anus; obesity, chronic diarrhea, pregnancy; bleeding, anal pain, lumps, feces leakage
Urinary
Bladder
Cancer
cells of bladder grow abnormally; blood in pee, pain, back pain; limit exposure to smoke, chemicals, drugs
Urinary Tract
Infection(UTI)
common in women, ~40% of women will experience a UTI; bacteria from anus can travel to urethra
Kidney
Stones
high levels of minerals + salts; no symptoms; wait for stone to pass, medication, surgery