Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
The Particulate Nature of Matter - Coggle Diagram
The Particulate Nature of Matter
Introduction
all the substances and materials from which
the physical universe is composed is called matter
Gases
at a given temperature
has neither a definite shape nor a definite volume. It will take up the shape of any container into which it is placed and will spread out evenly within it.
Unlike those of solids and liquids, the volumes of gases are affected quite markedly by changes in temperature
Solids
has a definite volume
can be affected by changes in
temperature.
particles vibrate in place
has high elctrostatic forces
Liquids
at a given temperature
has a fixed volume and will take up the shape of any container into which it is poured.
Like a solid, a liquid’s volume is slightly affected by changes in temperature.
Liquids and gases, unlike solids, are relatively compressible. This means that their volume can be reduced by the application of pressure. Gases are much more compressible than liquids.
Kinetic Theory
All matter is made up of tiny, moving particles, invisible to the naked eye. Different substances have different types of particles (atoms, molecules or ions) which have different sizes
The particles move all the time. The higher the
temperature, the faster they move on average
Heavier particles move more slowly than lighter
ones at a given temperature.
Diffusion
Diffusion is the property of matter which is based on the motion of its particles. Diffusion occurs in gases, liquids and solids.
Diffusion is fastest in gases and slowest in solids.
The rate of diffusion increases on increasing the temperature of the diffusing substance.
Diffusion in liquids:
Diffusion in liquids is slower than that in gases. This is because the particles in liquids move slowly as compared to the particles in gases.
The spreading of purple colour of potassium permanganate into water, on its own, is due to the diffusion of potassium permanganate particles into water.
Diffusion in Gases
Diffusion in gases is very fast. This is because the particles in gases move very quickly in all directions.
The rate of diffusion of a gas, however, depends on its density. Light gases diffuse faster than heavy gases.
Example: When we light an incense stick (agarbatti) in a corner of our room, its fragrance spreads in the whole room very quickly due to the diffusion of its smoke into the air.
Brownian Motion
Brownian motion is the random motion of a particle as a result of collisions with surrounding molecules