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The skin and temperature regulation: Bio_Wrp- Avantika, Temprature…
The skin and temperature regulation:
Bio_Wrp- Avantika
Skin structure:
Divided into 3 layers:
The Epidermis, Dermis and the Adipose tissue
Epidermis:
The
basal layer
; Lowermost layer of the epidermis. It produces new cells (The outer layer is given off).
Pores of sweat glands
; Sweat from sweat glands passes out through these pores.
The basal layer extends upto the adipose tissue
(this also helps in producing new cells for hair).
Dermis:
Nerve endings
; for sensitivity (touch, temperature and pressure). These connect to the nerves in the adipose tissue.
Sebaceous gland
; produces oil, Doesn't allow the hair and the skin to dry out.
Erector muscles of hair
Capillaries
Sweat duct
Adipose tissue:
Sweat glands
Nerves
Nerve endings
; Connected to the hair
Capillary supply to the hair follicle
Arterioles
Adipose tissue
Capillaries
Role of the skin:
Protection
: Protection against bacteria and water loss.
The
melanin pigment
produced
protects the skin from harsh UV rays.
Sensitivity
: Skin can sense touch, pain, pressure, and heat (
gives a sense of surroundings
).
Heat regulation
Temprature regulation:
Corrective mechanism for overheating:
By sweating
(The sweat glands produce more sweat. The excess heat from the body is used in evaporation, leaving the skin with a cooling effect).
Vasodilation of capillaries
: Blood contains and transports heat. These vessels dilate so that more blood flows, and more heat carried can radiate more rapidly.
Hair follicles flatten
: No air trapped means no insulating layer present. Heat radiates rapidly.
Corrective mechanism for overcooling:
Vasoconstriction
: Narrower capillaries, and so less blood flows near the skin which means less amount of heat radiated to the surroundings.
No sweat is produced.
Erect hair follicles by hair erector muscles:
(Air trapped. Air is a great insulator and so no heat is lost. It is like a still layer of air with trapped heat);