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Chapter 5: A Tale of Two Schools - Coggle Diagram
Chapter 5: A Tale of Two Schools
And the Darkness Fell
In the nineteenth century, exhibitions were used to inform the general public about the advantages of educating deaf children and to recruit additional pupils.
Governor Morton intervened, borrowing money from state bonds specifically to keep the deaf institution open.
On March 6, 1879, the Democrat-controlled state legislature passed an act to provide for appointment and confirmation of the boards of trustees
On March 15, the new board asked for MacIntire’s resignation,
The new superintendent knew nothing about deaf students and their needs
A newspaper called out the board because Glenn being a dentist did not help the students
MacIntire at the time tried to help his students get into Gallaudet
MacIntire’s annual reports usually were about thirty pages long, with general statements of expenditures, deaths and illnesses, new programs, and new needs of the institution.
Glenns were 300 pages and were about what was spent day by day to the last quarter
Eli Baker was chosen to be the new superintendent, effective December 15, 1884. but he was also not knowledgeable of deaf students needs
The Evansville Day School
September 2, 1886, a new day school for deaf students was announced in the Evansville public schools.
first time that another deaf school existed in Indiana,
It was troubling for the Indiana Institution because one of its own alumni founded the new school.
Charles Kerney was born in Kentucky and graduated from Gallaudet
Government funding enabled schools to construct dormitories and bear the expenses of residential facilities.
Day schools were scattered because they wanted to use the oral method that was not taught at bigger schools
Other day schools were started by Deaf people like Charles
The Evansville school wa possibly started due to overcrowding and the bad superintendent
The Struggle Continues
They tried to hire Kerney again but he went to work at the institution
The school actually hired a new Graduate from Gallaudet to teach
It is unknown if Johnson or Kerney asked for the school to be closed
The Evansville school did not have many pupils
The City showed a lot of support for the school but it was not enough for the board rather it became a private institution
Gallaher made the school work increasing from 5 to 16 pupils
The evansville school closed once the institution got money for a bigger building
A New School
The deaf school campus that opened in 1911 marked a significant departure from the old institution that Kerney had criticized.
the institutional name was changed to the Indiana State School for the Deaf.
Long-Term Consequences
there was no building to mark Kerney’s efforts.
deaf educators had a major role in establishing early day schools.
there was a stunning contrast between private wealth and small institutional budgets.
in the last decades of the nineteenth century, the schools became more bureaucratic and less interested in educational challenge and social improvement.
Intro
William Willard, a deaf man, founded the Indiana Institution for the Education of the Deaf and Dumb as a small private school in 1843
The 1844 legislation gave the governor full authority to appoint the school’s board of trustees, who then elected the superintendent.
In 1850, the state legislature appropriated funds to acquire seventy acres of land east of Indianapolis to build a campus for the school,
Evansville
Evansville was Indiana’s second largest city in the 1880s.
General Evans, the founder of Evansville, had three deaf grandchildren
Prominent individuals in Evansville had myriad connections with deaf education, providing support for Kerney’s efforts.
The Evansville Day School was thus only four months old when Kerney challenged the Indiana Institution’s monopoly of state-funded education for deaf children.
From 1867 through 1895, ten state institutions opened
the Indiana Institution in Indianapolis was crowded. The dining room was originally designed for 250 pupils, but it held 312 pupils
The institution could not educate all 950 deaf residents the only had room for 1/3
The first record of a deaf citizen directly involved in Indiana state legislative activities but Archibald was unsuccessful.
The weeklies described pupil activities and news of alumni such as weddings, deaths, jobs, and so forth.
Weeklies would form alliances that would often change
The Indiana Institution copied the name of another well-known newspaper.
the first few issues of the Indiana Institution weekly contained numerous typos and brought charges of plagiarism from other weeklies.
Before The Indiana Deaf-Mute Journal, there was little record of life at the Indiana Institution
The editor of The Indiana Deaf-Mute Journal produced many editorials criticizing Charles Kerney and the Evansville Day School.
The evansville school tried file a lawsuit but couldn't so wrote their own article
Kerney encouraged Indiana’s deaf citizens and their hearing friends and parents to vote Republican in the fall elections, to change the board of trustees and superintendent
The Indiana Institution also became directly involved in the election.
The Republicans won the governorship, but the Democrats retained control of the state legislature.
Edward Gallaudet going to the evansville school helped its reputation
The new superintendent made for more peaceful talks but he was not that qualified either
Kerney was dismissed from his position for unknown reasons