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Digestive & Urinary System- Gladis Vazquez - Coggle Diagram
Digestive & Urinary System- Gladis Vazquez
Major functions of the digestive system
mechanical and chemical breakdown of foods& absorption of nutrients
carries out the process of digestion
mechanical:
breaks down LARGE pieces of food into smaller one; chemical is NOT changed by this process
chemical:
breaks down LARGE nutrients molecules into SMALLER chemicals by breaking chemical bonds
consist of alimentary canal, leading from mouth to anus & several accessory organs who secreions help the process of digestion
Major functions of the urinary system
filters salts & waste from blood
helps maintain normal concentrations of electrolytes & water
regulates pH & body fluid volume
helps control RBC production & bloodpressure
Major organs of the digestive system
mouth
receives food, begins mechanical digestion by mastication
surrounding by lips, cheeks, tongue, palate
oral cavity is the chamber btw. palate& tongue
narrow space btw. teeth, cheek, lips is called vestibule
cheek
form the lateral walls of the mouth
involved in chewing & expression
esophagus
nasopharynx: top portion, air passage behind nasal cavity
oropharynx: middle portion, passage for food &air
larynopharynx: bottom portion, passage to esophagus
straight, collapsible food passageway leading to stomach
extends downward through an opening in diaphram
stomach
j- shaphed muscular organ in upper left abdominal quadrant
receives food from esophagus
mixes foods with digestive juices
limited absorption of nutrients occurs
propels food to small intestine
pancreas
both endocrine & exocrine gland
exocrine function is to produce pancreatic juice that aids digestion
liver
structure: divided into large right &left lobes and is enclosed by a fibrous capsule
responsible for many metabolic activites; metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins
levels blood concentration of glucose & other nutrients
stores glycogen, vitamin A,D,B12& iron
filters blood, disposing RB cells, & foreign substance & remove toxins
role in digestion is to secrete bile
gallbladder
pear-shaped on inferior surface of liver
stores bile btw. meals & reabsorbs water to concentrate the bile
contraction of its muscular wall releases bile into duodenum
Major organs of the urinary systems
kidneys
reddish brown, bean shaped organ (12cm long)
enclosed in tough fibrous capsule
retroperitoned behind the parietal peritonuem
which filters the blood
urinary bladder
hollow distensilbe muscular organ lying in pelvic cavity
stores urine and excretes through urethra
portion of lower bladder forms the internal urethral sphincter
ureters
muscular tube that conveys urine from kidney to urinary bladder
begins as funnel shaped renal pelvis
uretha
tubular organ that transport urine from urinary bladder to outside of body
females: 4cm w/ opening btw. vaginal opening & clitoris
male: uretha is longer & serves both urinary & reproductive system; rus through prostate gland & penis
contains internal urethral sphincter (smooth muscles) & external urethal sphincter (skeletal muscles)
Digestive enzymes (including names and functions)
peptidase: breakdown dipeptides to amino acids
surcase, maltase, lactase: breakdown disacchardies to monoacchardies
intestinal lipase: breakdown triglycerdies to fatty acids & glycerol
Location of digestion and absorption of each macromolecule
carbohydrates
absorbed un small intestine are fructose, galatose & glucose
oganic compound used as sources of energy
digestion: complex carbo are broken down into monoacchardies
cellulose complex carbo. we cannot digest
requirements:
primary source of cellular energy
need for carbohydrates varies w/ person energy requirements; minimum requirements is unknown
lipids
organic subtance that include fats, oils, phospatipids, cholesterol
supply energy for cellular processes, build structures like cell membranes & synthesize certain hormones
most common dietary lipids are triglycferides
proteins
consist of 20 different amino acids
variety of functions in cells & in body; enzymes, hormoes, antibodies, clotting
requiements
some ditary protein supply essential amino acids at nitrogen for synthesizing non essential amino acids
vary according to body size, metabolic rate, nitrogen requirement & activity level
Layers of the GI tract (including stomach)
mucosa
inner layer wall
mucosa membrane that surrounds the lumen of tube
consist of epithlium underlying connective tissue, a little smooth muscle
protects tissue of canal
carries on secretion & absorption of dietary nutrients
submucosa
lies under the mucosa
consist of loose connective tissue, housing blood, lymphaticc vessels, nerves, glands
nourished the surrounding layer of canal
vessel transport absorbed away from digestive organs
muscularis
consist of 2 layer of smooth muscle: inner circular layer & outer longitudinal layer
propels food through the canal
serosa
outer layer or visceral peritoneum
protects underlying tissues & secretes serous fluids to reduce friction btw, organs
Disorders of the digestive and urinary systems
digestive
cholecystites
inflammtions of gallbladder
symptoms: tender abdomen, sweating . nausea
treatment: medication, fasting, antibodies
causes: gallstones, digstive tumors, inflammation
gastroesopheal reflux disease
esophageal sphincter relaxes, allowing content of stomach to move back into esophagus
cause: frequent and reflux, diabetes, asthma
symptoms: chest pain, heart burn, dry cough
treatment: surgery, prescription meal, our counter medication
inflammatory bowel disease
chronic complex intestinal condition that causes inflammation in digestive tract
cause: are unknown, possibility genetics, environmental immune
symptoms: abdominal pain, fever, anemia
treatment: diet adjustment, antibodies, medications
peptic ulcers
sores that develop in lining of stomach or duodenum
cause: smoking, stress, excess acid production
symptoms: heartburn, bloody vomit, weight loss
trearment: medication. lifestyle, endoscopic, surgery
urinary
bladder cancer
when your body cells grows out of control
cause: smoking, workspace chemicals, radiation
symptoms: blood in urine, back pain, frequent & urgent urination
treatment: chemotherapy, surgery, immunotherapy
urinary tract infection
abdominal growth of bacteria anywhere along urinary tract
cause: menopause, pregnat women, sexually active women
symptom: burning uriation, cloudy urine, back pain
treatment: oral antibiotice pills, consuming probiotics. sterilizing pills
kidney stones
when urine has high levels of mineral and salts which then formals hard stone
cause: obesity, weight loss surgery, too much water/ little
symptoms: frequent urination, vomiting, dark or red urine
treatment: surgery, medication, wait till stones pass