Etiologi (vascular --> insufisiensi vertebrobasiler, stroke, migrain, hipotensi, anemia, hipoglikemia, meniere disease), (epilepsy), (iatrogenik --> antibiotk, obat jantung, anti hipertensi, obat sedatif, aspirin), (tumor --> neuroma, glioma, tumor intraventrikular, trauma --> pada tulang temporal dan servikal, tiroid --> penurunan fungsi tiroid), (infeksi --> labrinitis, neuronitis), (glial disease), (ocular disease)